Elliott WJ. Systemic hypertension. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2007;32(4):201–59.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2015;385(9963):117–71.
Fryar CD, Ostchega Y, Hales CM, Zhang G, Kruszon-Moran D. Hypertension Prevalence and Control Among Adults: United States, 2015-2016. NCHS Data Brief. 2017;(289):1–8.
Ostchega Y FC, Nwankwo T, Nguyen DT. Hypertension prevalence among adults aged 18 and over: United States, 2017–2018. NCHS Data Brief. 2020;364(Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2020).
Kung HC, Xu J. Hypertension-related mortality in the United States, 2000-2013. NCHS Data Brief. 2015;(193):1–8.
Benjamin EJ, Virani SS, Callaway CW, Chamberlain AM, Chang AR, Cheng S, et al. Heart disease and stroke Statistics-2018 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2018;137(12):e67–e492.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL, Benjamin EJ, Berry JD, Borden WB, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update. Circulation. 2013;127(1):e6–e245.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sarki AM, Nduka CU, Stranges S, Kandala N-B, Uthman OA. Prevalence of hypertension in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine. 2015;94(50):e1959-e.
Mills KT, Bundy JD, Kelly TN, Reed JE, Kearney PM, Reynolds K, et al. Global disparities of hypertension prevalence and Control. Circulation. 2016;134(6):441–50.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Tu K, Chen Z, Lipscombe LL. Prevalence and incidence of hypertension from 1995 to 2005: a population-based study. Can Med Assoc J. 2008;178(11):1429–35.
Article
Google Scholar
Lackland DT, Beilin LJ, Campbell NRC, Jaffe MG, Orias M, Ram CV, et al. Global implications of blood pressure thresholds and targets. Hypertension. 2018;71(6):985–7.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Akpa OM, Made F, Ojo A, Ovbiagele B, Adu D, Motala AA, et al. Regional patterns and association between obesity and hypertension in Africa. Hypertension. 2020;75:1167-78. HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.14147.
Ahijevych K, Wewers ME. Passive smoking and vascular disease. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2003;18(1):69–74.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Forouzanfar MH, Alexander L, Anderson HR, Bachman VF, Biryukov S, Brauer M, et al. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2015;386(10010):2287–323.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chen TC CJ, Riddles MK, Mohadjer LK, Fakhouri THI. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2015–2018: Sample design and estimation procedures. United States: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics, Statistics NCfH; 2020. Contract No.: DHHS Publication No. 2020–1384.
Control CfD. NHANES 2015–2016 Procedure Manuals US: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services; [updated 2/21/2020; cited 2020 05 May]. Available from: https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/ContinuousNhanes/Default.aspx? BeginYear=2015.
Sarfo FS, Ovbiagele B, Gebregziabher M, Wahab K, Akinyemi R, Akpalu A, et al. Stroke among young west Africans. Stroke. 2018;49(5):1116–22.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
WHO. Obesity and overweight: Fact sheet 2017 [Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/.
Lee B-E, Ha E-H. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke among south Korean adults: a cross-sectional study of the 2005 Korea National Health and nutrition examination survey. Environ Health. 2011;10(1):29.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kawachi I, Colditz GA, Speizer FE, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, et al. A prospective study of passive smoking and coronary heart disease. Circulation. 1997;95(10):2374–9.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
NHANES. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015-2016 Data Documentation, Codebook, and Frequencies Blood Pressure (BPX_I): NHANES; 2017 [updated September 2017; cited 2020 05 May 2020]. Available from: https://wwwn.cdc.gov/Nchs/Nhanes/2015-2016/BPX_I.htm.
Zhang Y, Moran AE. Trends in the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and Control of hypertension among young adults in the United States, 1999 to 2014. Hypertension. 2017;70(4):736–42.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL, et al. Seventh report of the joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. Hypertension. 2003;42(6):1206–52.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Tamura T, Kadomatsu Y, Tsukamoto M, Okada R, Sasakabe T, Kawai S, et al. Association of exposure level to passive smoking with hypertension among lifetime nonsmokers in Japan: a cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(48):e13241.
Article
Google Scholar
Lee W, Hwang S-H, Choi H, Kim H. The association between smoking or passive smoking and cardiovascular diseases using a Bayesian hierarchical model: based on the 2008-2013 Korea community health survey. Epidemiol Health 2017;39(0):e2017026–0.
Kim BJ, Kang JG, Kim JH, Seo DC, Sung KC, Kim BS, et al. Association between secondhand smoke exposure and hypertension in 106,268 Korean self-reported never-smokers verified by cotinine. J Clin Med. 2019;8(8):1238.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Wu L, Yang S, He Y, Liu M, Wang Y, Wang J, et al. Association between passive smoking and hypertension in Chinese non-smoking elderly women. Hypertens Res. 2017;40(4):399–404.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Makris TK, Thomopoulos C, Papadopoulos DP, Bratsas A, Papazachou O, Massias S, et al. Association of Passive Smoking with Masked Hypertension in clinically normotensive nonsmokers. Am J Hypertens. 2009;22(8):853–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Öberg M, Jaakkola MS, Woodward A, Peruga A, Prüss-Ustün A. Worldwide burden of disease from exposure to second-hand smoke: a retrospective analysis of data from 192 countries. Lancet. 2011;377(9760):139–46.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Warren CW, Jones NR, Eriksen MP, Asma S. Patterns of global tobacco use in young people and implications for future chronic disease burden in adults. Lancet. 2006;367(9512):749–53.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Yang C, Wang X, Huang CH, Yuan WJ, Chen ZH. Passive smoking and risk of colorectal Cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Asia Pac J Public Health. 2016;28(5):394–403.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
He F, Li T, Lin J, Li F, Zhai Y, Zhang T, et al. Passive smoking exposure in living environments reduces cognitive function: a prospective cohort study in older adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(4):1402.
Article
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Jhee JH, Joo YS. Secondhand Smoke and CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2019;14(4):515–22.
Otsuka R, Watanabe H, Hirata K, Tokai K, Muro T, Yoshiyama M, et al. Acute effects of passive smoking on the coronary circulation in healthy young adults. JAMA. 2001;286(4):436–41.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Brandes RP. Endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. Hypertension. 2014;64(5):924–8.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Puddu P, Puddu GM, Zaca F, Muscari A. Endothelial dysfunction in hypertension. Acta Cardiol. 2000;55(4):221–32.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Konukoglu D, Uzun H. Endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. In: Islam MS, editor. Hypertension: from basic research to clinical practice. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2017. p. 511–40.
Google Scholar
Bullen C. Impact of tobacco smoking and smoking cessation on cardiovascular risk and disease. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2008;6(6):883–95.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Ambrose JA, Barua RS. The pathophysiology of cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease: an update. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43(10):1731–7.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Benowitz NL. Nicotine and Cardiovascular Disease. In: Benowitz NL, editor. Nicotine Safety and Toxicity. New York: Oxford University Press; 1998. p. 224.
Google Scholar
Iribarren C, Sidney S, Sternfeld B, Browner WS. Calcification of the aortic arch: risk factors and association with coronary heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease. J Am Med Assoc. 2000;283(21):2810–5.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Li J, Galvin HK, Johnson SC, Langston CS, Sclamberg J, Preston CA. Aortic calcification on plain chest radiography increases risk for coronary artery disease. Chest. 2002;121(5):1468–71.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tripathy JP. Secondhand smoke exposure at home and public places among smokers and non-smokers in India: findings from the global adult tobacco survey 2016-17. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020;27(6):6033–41.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Xu L, Jiang CQ, Lam TH, Thomas GN, Zhang WS, Cheng KK. Passive smoking and aortic arch calcification in older Chinese never smokers: the Guangzhou biobank cohort study. Int J Cardiol. 2011;148(2):189–93.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Erdsiek F, Brzoska P. Association between second-hand smoke exposure and depression and its moderation by sex: findings from a nation-wide population survey in Germany. J Affect Disord. 2019;253:102–6.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Yang Y, Liu F, Wang L, Li Q, Wang X, Chen JC, et al. Association of husband smoking with wife's hypertension status in over 5 million Chinese females aged 20 to 49 years. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6(3):e004924.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hipple Walters B, Petrea I, Lando H. Tobacco Control in low- and middle-income countries: changing the present to help the future. J Smok Cessat. 2018;13(4):187–8.
Article
Google Scholar
Regitz-Zagrosek V, Kararigas G. Mechanistic pathways of sex differences in cardiovascular disease. Physiol Rev. 2017;97(1):1–37.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rosano GM, Spoletini I, Vitale C. Cardiovascular disease in women, is it different to men? The role of sex hormones. Climacteric. 2017;20(2):125–8.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Anastasiou E, Feinberg A, Tovar A, Gill E, Ruzmyn Vilcassim MJ, Wyka K, et al. Secondhand smoke exposure in public and private high-rise multiunit housing serving low-income residents in New York City prior to federal smoking ban in public housing, 2018. Sci Total Environ. 2020;704:135322.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Lushchenkova O, Fernández E, López MJ, Fu M, Martínez-Sánchez JM, Nebot M, et al. Secondhand smoke exposure in Spanish adult non-smokers following the introduction of an anti-smoking law. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2008;61(7):687–94.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Desalu OO, Onyedum CC, Adewole OO, Fawibe AE, Salami AK. Secondhand smoke exposure among nonsmoking adults in two Nigerian cities. Ann Afr Med. 2011;10(2):103–11.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kim SW, Jung SW. The exposure level of environmental harmful substances related to the secondhand smoke in Korean non-smoker adults: data from the second Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS 2012-2014): a cross-sectional study. Ann Occup Environ Med. 2019;31:e30.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Nakata A, Takahashi M, Swanson NG, Ikeda T, Hojou M. Active cigarette smoking, secondhand smoke exposure at work and home, and self-rated health. Public Health. 2009;123(10):650–6.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Xi B, Liang Y, Liu Y, Yan Y, Zhao M, Ma C, et al. Tobacco use and second-hand smoke exposure in young adolescents aged 12-15 years: data from 68 low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet Glob Health. 2016;4(11):e795–805.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lange S, Koyanagi A, Rehm J, Roerecke M, Carvalho AF. Association of Tobacco Use and Exposure to Secondhand Smoke With Suicide Attempts Among Adolescents: Findings From 33 Countries. 2020;22(8):1322-9.