Loomba R, Sanyal AJ. The global NAFLD epidemic. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;10:686–90.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Mitra S, De A, Chowdhury A. Epidemiology of non-alcoholic and alcoholic fatty liver diseases. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;5:16.
Article
Google Scholar
Im HJ, Ahn YC, Wang JH, Lee MM, Son CG. Systematic review on the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in South Korea. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2021;45:101526.
Article
Google Scholar
Kang SH, Lee HW, Yoo JJ, Cho Y, Kim SU, Lee TH, et al. KASL clinical practice guidelines: management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Mol Hepatol. 2021;27:363–401.
Article
Google Scholar
Byrne CD, Targher G. NAFLD: a multisystem disease. J Hepatol. 2015;62(1 Suppl):S47-64.
Article
Google Scholar
Friedman SL, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Rinella M, Sanyal AJ. Mechanisms of NAFLD development and therapeutic strategies. Nat Med. 2018;24:908–22.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Wang XJ, Malhi H. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169:ITC65-80.
Article
Google Scholar
Lloyd-Jones DM, Hong Y, Labarthe D, Mozaffarian D, Appel LJ, Van Horn L, et al. Defining and setting national goals for cardiovascular health promotion and disease reduction: the American Heart Association’s strategic Impact Goal through 2020 and beyond. Circulation. 2010;121:586–613.
Article
Google Scholar
Gross B, Pawlak M, Lefebvre P, Staels B. PPARs in obesity-induced T2DM, dyslipidaemia and NAFLD. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2017;13:36–49.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Aneni EC, Oni ET, Martin SS, Blaha MJ, Agatston AS, Feldman T, et al. Blood pressure is associated with the presence and severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease across the spectrum of cardiometabolic risk. J Hypertens. 2015;33:1207–14.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Simonen P, Kotronen A, Hallikainen M, Sevastianova K, Makkonen J, Hakkarainen A, et al. Cholesterol synthesis is increased and absorption decreased in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease independent of obesity. J Hepatol. 2011;54:153–9.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Liu H, Yao Y, Wang Y, Ma L, Liu X, Guo S, et al. Ideal cardiovascular health metrics and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a cross-sectional study in northern China. Liver Int. 2019;39:950–5.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Zhu S, Shi J, Ji C, Yang G, Xing J, Zhu F, et al. Association of the ideal cardiovascular behaviors and factors with the incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a prospective study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;30:578–82.
Article
Google Scholar
Wang L, Li M, Zhao Z, Xu M, Lu J, Wang T, et al. Ideal cardiovascular health is inversely associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a prospective analysis. Am J Med. 2018;131:1515.
Article
Google Scholar
Shim JS, Song BM, Lee JH, Lee SW, Park JH, Choi DP, et al. Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center (CMERC) cohort: study protocol and results of the first 3 years of enrollment. Epidemiol Health. 2017;39:e2017016.
Article
Google Scholar
Faure S, Herrero A, Jung B, Duny Y, Daures JP, Mura T, et al. Excessive alcohol consumption after liver transplantation impacts on long-term survival, whatever the primary indication. J Hepatol. 2012;57:306–12.
Article
Google Scholar
WHO Expert Consultation. Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. Lancet. 2004;363:157–63.
Article
Google Scholar
Oh JY, Yang YJ, Kim BS, Kang JH. Validity and reliability of Korean version of International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) Short Form. J Korean Acad Fam Med. 2007;28:532–41.
Google Scholar
Kim DW, Song S, Lee JE, Oh K, Shim J, Kweon S, et al. Reproducibility and validity of an FFQ developed for the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Public Health Nutr. 2015;18:1369–77.
Article
Google Scholar
Lim J, Lee Y, Shin S, Lee HW, Kim CE, Lee JK, et al. An association between diet quality index for Koreans (DQI-K) and total mortality in Health Examinees Gem (HEXA-G) study. Nutr Res Pract. 2018;12:258–64.
Article
Google Scholar
Corlin L, Short MI, Vasan RS, Xanthakis V. Association of the duration of ideal cardiovascular health through adulthood with cardiometabolic outcomes and mortality in the Framingham Offspring Study. JAMA Cardiol. 2020;5:549–56.
Article
Google Scholar
Lee YH, Bang H, Park YM, Bae JC, Lee BW, Kang ES, et al. Non-laboratory-based self-assessment screening score for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: development, validation and comparison with other scores. PLoS ONE. 2014;9:e107584.
Article
Google Scholar
Bedogni G, Bellentani S, Miglioli L, Masutti F, Passalacqua M, Castiglione A, et al. The Fatty Liver Index: a simple and accurate predictor of hepatic steatosis in the general population. BMC Gastroenterol. 2006;6:33.
Article
Google Scholar
Mazidi M, Katsiki N, Mikhailidis DP, Banach M. Ideal cardiovascular health associated with fatty liver: results from a multi-ethnic survey. Atherosclerosis. 2019;284:129–35.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Lee YH. Diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease based on clinical and laboratory data. J Korean Diabetes. 2017;18:102–8.
Article
Google Scholar
Gutierrez-Buey G, Núñez-Córdoba JM, Llavero-Valero M, Gargallo J, Salvador J, Escalada J. Is HOMA-IR a potential screening test for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adults with type 2 diabetes? Eur J Intern Med. 2017;41:74–8.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Murphy MP, Coke L, Staffileno BA, Robinson JD, Tillotson R. Improving cardiovascular health of underserved populations in the community with Life’s Simple 7. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract. 2015;27:615–23.
Article
Google Scholar
Kotronen A, Peltonen M, Hakkarainen A, Sevastianova K, Bergholm R, Johansson LM, et al. Prediction of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fat using metabolic and genetic factors. Gastroenterology. 2009;137:865–72.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Lee JH, Kim D, Kim HJ, Lee CH, Yang JI, Kim W, et al. Hepatic steatosis index: a simple screening tool reflecting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Dig Liver Dis. 2010;42:503–8.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Maclagan LC, Park J, Sanmartin C, Mathur KR, Roth D, Manuel DG, et al. The CANHEART health index: a tool for monitoring the cardiovascular health of the Canadian population. CMAJ. 2014;186:180–7.
Article
Google Scholar
Jung KJ, Jang Y, Oh DJ, Oh BH, Lee SH, Park SW, et al. The ACC/AHA 2013 pooled cohort equations compared to a Korean Risk Prediction Model for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis. 2015;242:367–75.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Oni E, Ogunmoroti O, Allen N, A-Mallah MH, Blankstein R, Martin SS, et al. Life’s Simple 7 and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the multiethnic study of atherosclerosis. Am J Med. 2021;134:519–25.
Article
Google Scholar
Lloyd-Jones DM, Wilson PW, Larson MG, Beiser A, Leip EP, D’Agostino RB, et al. Framingham risk score and prediction of lifetime risk for coronary heart disease. Am J Cardiol. 2004;94:20–4.
Article
Google Scholar
Goff DC Jr, Lloyd-Jones DM, Bennett G, Coady S, D’Agostino RB, Gibbons R, et al. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the assessment of cardiovascular risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2014;129(25 Suppl 2):S49-73.
Google Scholar
Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C, Vinogradova Y, Robson J, May M, Brindle P. Derivation and validation of QRISK, a new cardiovascular disease risk score for the United Kingdom: prospective open cohort study. BMJ. 2007;335:136.
Article
Google Scholar
Ries AV, Blackman LT, Page RA, Gizlice Z, Benedict S, Barnes K, et al. Goal setting for health behavior change: evidence from an obesity intervention for rural low-income women. Rural Remote Health. 2014;14:2682.
CAS
Google Scholar
Cullen KW, Baranowski T, Smith SP. Using goal setting as a strategy for dietary behavior change. J Am Diet Assoc. 2001;101(5):562–6.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Zeb I, Li D, Nasir K, Katz R, Larijani VN, Budoff MJ. Computed tomography scans in the evaluation of fatty liver disease in a population based study: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Acad Radiol. 2012;19:811–8.
Article
Google Scholar
Kang HG, Kwon KH, Lee IW, Jung B, Park EC, Jang SI. Biochemically-verified smoking rate trends and factors associated with inaccurate self-reporting of smoking habits in Korean women. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2013;14:6807–12.
Article
Google Scholar
Park MB, Kim CB, Nam EW, Hong KS. Does South Korea have hidden female smokers: discrepancies in smoking rates between self-reports and urinary cotinine level. BMC Womens Health. 2014;14:156.
Article
Google Scholar
Mahmood S, Nguyen NH, Bassett JK, MacInnis RJ, Karahalios A, Owen N, et al. A quantitative bias analysis to estimate measurement error-related attenuation of the association between self-reported physical activity and colorectal cancer risk. Int J Epidemiol. 2020;49:153–61.
Article
Google Scholar
Rosner B, Gore R. Measurement error correction in nutritional epidemiology based on individual foods, with application to the relation of diet to breast cancer. Am J Epidemiol. 2001;154:827–35.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar