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Table 3 Association between cardiovascular health metrics and the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

From: Ideal cardiovascular health metrics and the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Korean adults

Cardiovascular health metrics

No. of people

NAFLD by fatty liver index

NAFLD by liver-to-spleen ratio

No. (%) of people with NAFLD

Unadjusted

OR (95% CI)

Adjusted

OR (95% CI)

No. (%) of people with NAFLD

Unadjusted

OR (95% CI)

Adjusted

OR (95% CI)

Category (score)

 Poor (0–7)

494

344 (69.6)

6.31 (5.08–7.83)

2.87 (2.13–3.86)

187 (37.9)

3.87 (3.10–4.84)

1.63 (1.24–2.14)

 Intermediate (8–11)

1,920

512 (26.7)

1.00

1.00

261 (13.6)

1.00

1.00

 Ideal (12–14)

514

21 (4.1)

0.12 (0.08–0.18)

0.13 (0.07–0.23)

25 (4.9)

0.33 (0.21–0.50)

0.55 (0.35–0.86)

Continuous score, per 1.0

 Overall

2,928

877 (30.0)

0.52 (0.49–0.55)

0.63 (0.59–0.68)

473 (16.2)

0.66 (0.62–0.69)

0.83 (0.78–0.89)

 Behavioral components

2,928

877 (30.0)

0.52 (0.49–0.56)

0.55 (0.50–0.60)

473 (16.2)

0.68 (0.64–0.73)

0.86 (0.79–0.93)

 Biomarker components

2,928

877 (30.0)

0.52 (0.48–0.56)

0.77 (0.69–0.87)

473 (16.2)

0.56 (0.52–0.61)

0.77 (0.69–0.86)

  1. Adjusted for age, sex, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, HOMA-IR, alanine aminotransferase, income, education level and alcohol intake
  2. NAFLD Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, OR Odds ratio, CI Confidence interval, HOMA-IR Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance