Table 1 Comparison of baseline characteristics according to exercise-induced desaturation (EID)
Characteristics | Total (n = 20) | EID ( +) (n = 10) | EID (-) (n = 10) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (year) | 48.4 ± 13.3 | 49.7 ± 14.5 | 47.0 ± 12.6 | 0.912 |
Female sex (%) | 16 (80) | 7 (70) | 9 (90) | 0.582 |
Height (cm) | 158.3 ± 7.8 | 158.6 ± 9.8 | 158.1 ± 5.6 | 0.912 |
Weight (kg) | 58.1 ± 7.4 | 58.7 ± 9.0 | 57.5 ± 5.8 | 0.529 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.2 ± 2.7 | 23.4 ± 3.7 | 23.0 ± 1.3 | 1.000 |
Type of PAH | 0.081 | |||
Idiopathic PAH (%) | 7 (35) | 4 (40) | 3 (30) | |
CHD-associated (%) | 5 (25) | 0 (0) | 5 (50) | |
CTD-associated (%) | 5 (25) | 4 (40) | 1 (10) | |
Portopulmonary (%) | 3 (15) | 2 (20) | 1 (10) | |
WHO functional class 3 and 4 (%) | 10 (50) | 5 (50) | 5 (50) | 0.307 |
Risk at diagnosis | 0.666 | |||
Low-risk (%) | 13 (65) | 6 (60) | 7 (70) | |
Intermediate-risk (%) | 3 (15) | 1 (10) | 2 (20) | |
High-risk (%) | 4 (20) | 3 (30) | 1 (10) | |
Cardiovascular risk factors | ||||
Hypertension (%) | 6 (30) | 2 (20) | 4 (40) | 0.629 |
Diabetes mellitus (%) | 2 (10) | 1 (10) | 1 (10) | 1.000 |
Echocardiographic data | ||||
LVEF (%) | 57.7 ± 4.4 | 57.4 ± 4.5 | 57.9 ± 4.5 | 0.971 |
Mitral E/e’ ratio | 10.2 ± 4.0 | 9.8 ± 3.9 | 10.5 ± 4.3 | 0.731 |
RVSP (mmHg) | 68.8 ± 29.9 | 67.1 ± 27.9 | 70.4 ± 33.1 | 0.912 |
TAPSE (mm) | 16.8 ± 4.5 | 16.6 ± 4.2 | 17.0 ± 5.0 | 1.000 |
Tricuspid annular S’ velocity (cm/s) | 10.7 ± 2.8 | 10.5 ± 2.6 | 10.9 ± 3.0 | 1.000 |
RA area (cm2) | 25.3 ± 17.6 | 27.3 ± 23.4 | 23.4 ± 9.7 | 0.739 |
Right heart catheterization data | ||||
Mean PA pressure (mmHg) | 44.0 ± 14.8 | 43.0 ± 10.6 | 45.1 ± 19.1 | 0.780 |
PCWP (mmHg) | 14.7 ± 3.9 | 13.9 ± 2.6 | 15.6 ± 5.0 | 0.604 |
PVR (WU) | 13.0 ± 7.9 | 12.0 ± 7.5 | 14.1 ± 8.6 | 0.605 |
CI (l/min/m2) | 2.6 ± 0.7 | 2.8 ± 0.6 | 2.5 ± 0.8 | 0.340 |
Pulmonary function test data | ||||
FVC (L) | 2.8 ± 0.7 | 2.7 ± 0.9 | 3.0 ± 0.5 | 0.356 |
FVC (%) | 80.8 ± 15.0 | 74.6 ± 18.1 | 87.7 ± 6.1 | 0.079 |
FEV1 (L) | 2.2 ± 0.6 | 2.0 ± 0.7 | 2.3 ± 0.4 | 0.211 |
FEV1 (%) | 75.1 ± 12.8 | 69.3 ± 14.7 | 81.4 ± 6.1 | 0.035 |
FEV1/FVC (%) | 76.9 ± 7.0 | 75.9 ± 8.5 | 78.0 ± 5.3 | 0.447 |
DLCO (mL/min/mmHg) | 13.6 ± 6.2 | 11.3 ± 4.8 | 16.2 ± 6.7 | 0.156 |
DLCO (%) | 62.8 ± 24.4 | 52.7 ± 19.2 | 74.1 ± 25.6 | 0.079 |
6-min walk test data | ||||
Total distance (m) | 419.9 ± 112.5 | 354.3 ± 124.4 | 485.4 ± 41.4 | 0.019 |
VO2 peak (mL/kg⋅min) | 14.6 ± 3.7 | 12.9 ± 3.2 | 16.4 ± 3.6 | 0.019 |
HR peak | 118.0 ± 21.0 | 114.1 ± 17.8 | 121.9 ± 24.2 | 0.280 |
VE/VO2 slope (mL/min/W) | 40.7 ± 12.0 | 44.4 ± 13.7 | 37.1 ± 2.9 | 0.247 |
BNP (pg/dL) | 261.6 ± 290.8 | 414.7 ± 281.5 | 165.9 ± 269.2 | 0.284 |
Baseline PAH specific medication | ||||
ERA | 10 (50) | 7 (70) | 3 (30) | 0.659 |
PDE5I | 5 (25) | 2 (20) | 3 (30) | 1.000 |
PC | 6 (30) | 3 (30) | 3 (30) | 1.000 |
CCB | 1 (5) | 0 (0) | 1 (10) | 0.500 |