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Table 1 Baseline characteristics by quintiles of baseline SUA/Cr (n = 2,017)

From: Serum uric acid to creatinine ratio is a useful predictor of all-cause mortality among hypertensive patients

Characteristic

Quintile of baseline SUA/Cr

First (n = 406)

Second (n = 402)

Third (n = 403)

Fourth (n = 406)

Fifth (n = 400)

P for trenda

Male sex

202 (49.8)

193 (48.0)

166 (41.2)

194 (47.8)

161 (40.3)

0.015

Age (yr)

71.0 ± 9.0

69.0 ± 9.0

69.0 ± 9.0

66.0 ± 10.0

66.0 ± 10.0

< 0.001

Body mass index (kg/m2)

23.0 ± 3.0

23.6 ± 3.1

23.9 ± 3.2

24.3 ± 3.1

24.5 ± 3.5

< 0.001

Smoking statusb

     

0.019

 Nonsmoker

66.7

67.9

74.2

64.0

63.2

 

 Ex-smoker

15.1

16.4

11.2

14.8

16.8

 

 Light smoker (< 20 pack year)

8.2

4.7

6.0

5.7

7.2

 

 Heavy smoker (≥ 20 pack year)

10.1

10.9

8.7

15.5

12.8

 

Drinking statusc

     

< 0.001

 Nondrinker

60.3

57.0

58.6

51.0

50.7

 

 Occasional drinker (< 1 unit/day),

23.5

24.6

19.1

21.7

20.5

 

 Daily light drinker (1–2 unit/day)

11.4

9.5

13.2

14.3

15.5

 

 Daily heavy drinker (2–3 unit/day).

5.0

9.0

9.2

13.11

13.3

 

Cardiovascular disease

50 (12.3)

45 (11.2)

36 (8.9)

40 (9.9)

44 (11.0)

0.579

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

152.0 ± 16.0

150.0 ± 16.0

152.0 ± 17.0

149.0 ± 17.0

149.0 ± 18.0

0.120

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

85.0 ± 10.0

85.0 ± 10.0

86.0 ± 10.0

86.0 ± 11.0

86.0 ± 11.0

0.257

Antihypertensive medication

215 (53.0)

233 (58.0)

216 (53.6)

225 (55.4)

222 (55.5)

0.646

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

97 (69–136)

90 (67–123)

97 (73–133)

99 (76–142)

107 (79–153)

< 0.001

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL)

62.0 ± 16.0

63.0 ± 15.0

63.0 ± 16.0

62.0 ± 16.0

63.0 ± 17.0

0.366

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL)

116.0 ± 30.0

119.0 ± 29.0

122.0 ± 30.0

120.0 ± 30.0

120.0 ± 33.0

0.119

Antilipidemic medication

60 (14.8)

59 (14.7)

52 (12.9)

38 (9.4)

54 (13.5)

0.138

Blood glucose (mg/dL)

103 (93–117)

105 (93–120)

104 (94–118)

103 (93–117)

105 (95–119)

0.800

Antidiabetic medication

59 (14.5)

47 (11.7)

48 (11.9)

42 (10.3)

38 (9.5)

0.216

Creatinine (mg/dL)

0.86 ± 0.40

0.76 ± 0.18

0.70 ± 0.16

0.69 ± 0.15

0.62 ± 0.12

< 0.001

SUA (mg/dL)

4.20 ± 1.30

4.90 ± 1.20

5.20 ± 1.20

5.80 ± 1.20

6.30 ± 1.30

< 0.001

SUA-lowering medication

18 (4.4)

17 (4.2)

22 (5.5)

28 (6.9)

36 (9.0)

0.025

SUA/Cr ratio

5.00 ± 0.87

6.43 ± 0.30

7.40 ± 0.27

8.39 ± 0.33

10.20 ± 1.12

< 0.001

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2/yr)

65.00 ± 16.00

70.30 ± 12.50

74.30 ± 13.00

78.40 ± 13.70

84.60 ± 14.60

< 0.001

  1. Data are presented as number (%), mean ± standard deviation, or median (interquartile range). The quintiles are distributed as the following: the first quintile, < 5.89; the second, 5.89–6.99; the third, 7.00–7.87; the fourth, 7.88–9.00; and the fifth, ≥ 9.01. Data for triglycerides and hemoglobin A1c were skewed and are thus presented as median (interquartile range) and were log-transformed for analysis
  2. SUA/Cr Serum uric acid to creatinine, SUA Serum uric acid, Cr Creatinine, eGFR Estimated glomerular filtration rate
  3. aAnalysis of variance for continuous variables or the chi-square test for categorical variables
  4. bSmoking status was defined as the number of cigarette packs per day multiplied by the number of years smoked (pack year)
  5. cAlcohol consumption was measured using the Japanese liquor unit in which a unit corresponded to 22.9 g of ethanol
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Clinical Hypertension

ISSN: 2056-5909

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