Table 1 Baseline characteristics
All patients (n = 1,391) | Patients with HMOD (n = 547) | Patients without HMOD (n = 844) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean age, years (SD) | 57.4 (17.2) | 62.1 (15.3) | 54.4 (17.7) | < 0.001 |
Female sex, N (%) | 642 (46.2) | 225 (41.1) | 417 (49.4) | 0.003 |
Medical history, N (%) | ||||
Hypertension | 674 (50.2) | 326 (61.2) | 348 (43.0) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes mellitus | 306 (23.1) | 149 (28.1) | 157 (19.8) | < 0.001 |
Dyslipidemia | 89 (6.8) | 47 (8.9) | 42 (5.4) | 0.013 |
Ischemic stroke | 80 (6.1) | 37 (7.0) | 43 (5.5) | 0.267 |
Hemorrhagic stroke | 45 (3.4) | 25 (4.7) | 20 (2.6) | 0.035 |
Coronary artery diseasea | 95 (7.2) | 60 (11.3) | 35 (4.5) | < 0.001 |
Peripheral artery disease | 17 (1.3) | 6 (1.1) | 11 (1.4) | 0.666 |
Heart failure | 61 (4.7) | 51 (9.6) | 10 (1.3) | < 0.001 |
Chronic kidney disease | 108 (8.2) | 62 (11.7) | 46 (5.9) | < 0.001 |
End-stage renal disease | 64 (4.9) | 33 (6.2) | 31 (4.0) | 0.062 |
Social history, N (%) | ||||
Cigarette smoking | 294 (32.5) | 162 (35.9) | 132 (29.0) | 0.042 |
Alcohol consumption | 406 (43.7) | 216 (47.5) | 190 (40.0) | 0.022 |
Triage vitals, mean (SD) | ||||
SBP, mmHg | 205.4 (29.7) | 217.6 (29.0) | 198.2 (27.9) | < 0.001 |
DBP, mmHg | 128.1 (15.6) | 128.3 (17.6) | 128.1 (14.1) | 0.814 |
Laboratory tests done, N (%) | 1227 (88.2) | 539 (98.5) | 688 (81.5) | < 0.001 |
Mean serum creatinine, mg/dL (SD) | 1.39 (1.9) | 1.62 (2.2) | 1.22 (1.7) | < 0.001 |
Mean eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 (SD) | 79.5 (32.4) | 71.4 (32.3) | 85.7 (31.1) | < 0.001 |
Troponin I, ng/mL (SD) | 0.249 (3.28) | 0.437 (4.67) | 0.080 (0.86) | 0.126 |
BNP, pg/mL (SD) | 519.9 (971.2) | 677.1 (1051.1) | 305.8 (806.2) | < 0.001 |
D-dimer, mg/L (SD) | 804.8 (2546.0) | 783.5 (2159.2) | 830.5 (2982.6) | 0.810 |
Urinary analysis done, N (%) | 849 (61.0) | 406 (74.2) | 443 (52.5) | < 0.001 |
Proteinuria, N (%)b | 329 (38.8) | 181 (44.6) | 148 (33.4) | < 0.001 |
Chest X-ray done, N (%) | 1175 (84.5) | 530 (96.9) | 645 (76.4) | < 0.001 |
Cardiomegaly, N (%) | 176 (14.7) | 96 (18.0) | 80 (12.0) | 0.003 |
Congestion/fluid overload, N (%) | 97 (8.1) | 96 (18.0) | 1 (0.2) | < 0.001 |
ECG done, N (%) | 1109 (79.7) | 525 (96.0) | 584 (69.2) | < 0.001 |
LVH, N (%) | 190 (17.2) | 120 (22.9) | 70 (12.0) | < 0.001 |
Myocardial ischemia, N (%) | 78 (7.1) | 58 (11.1) | 20 (3.4) | < 0.001 |
Atrial fibrillation, N (%) | 79 (7.1) | 54 (10.3) | 25 (4.3) | < 0.001 |
Brain CT or MR done, N (%) | 577 (41.5) | 328 (60.0) | 249 (29.5) | < 0.001 |
Abnormal finding, N (%) | 281 (42.8) | 264 (75.9) | 17 (5.5) | < 0.001 |
Chest and abdomen CT done, N (%) | 144 (10.4) | 55 (10.1) | 89 (10.5) | 0.769 |
Echocardiography done, N (%) | 43 (3.1) | 39 (7.1) | 4 (0.5) | < 0.001 |
Fundoscopy done, N (%) | 50 (3.6) | 22 (4.0) | 28 (3.3) | 0.491 |
Abnormal finding, N (%) | 18 (13.8) | 13 (27.1) | 5 (6.1) | < 0.001 |
Current antihypertensive drugs, N (%)c | 358 (61.1) | 186 (63.1) | 172 (59.1) | 0.327 |
Presenting symptoms, n (%) | ||||
Chest pain | 126 (9.1) | 82 (15.0) | 44 (5.2) | < 0.001 |
Dyspnea | 201 (14.5) | 118 (21.6) | 83 (9.8) | < 0.001 |
Headache | 110 (7.9) | 37 (6.8) | 73 (8.6) | 0.203 |
Dizziness | 135 (9.7) | 32 (5.9) | 103 (12.2) | < 0.001 |
Altered mental status | 180 (12.9) | 128 (23.4) | 52 (6.2) | < 0.001 |
Focal neurologic deficit | 239 (17.2) | 187 (34.2) | 52 (6.2) | < 0.001 |
Visual disturbance | 22 (1.6) | 12 (2.2) | 10 (1.2) | 0.141 |
Epistaxis | 53 (3.8) | 0 (0) | 53 (6.3) | < 0.001 |