Table 3 Unadjusted and adjusted associations between various covariates and the risk of hypertension in Northern Colombia in 2015

Ethnicity

Non-Afro-Colombian

Reference

Reference

Afro-Colombian

0.90 (0.73–1.10)

0.85 (0.66–1.09)

Age (yr)

18–44

0.19 (0.15–0.26)

0.22 (0.17–0.30)

45–64

Reference

Reference

≥ 65

3.03 (2.35–3.90)

3.59 (2.69–4.77)

Sex

Female

Reference

Reference

Male

1.09 (0.90–1.33)

1.17 (0.92–1.49)

Education

Uneducated

2.58 (1.74–3.84)

0.88 (0.55–1.41)

Primary

2.17 (1.53–3.07)

0.96 (0.64–1.43)

High school

0.95 (0.65–1.39)

0.78 (0.51–1.20)

Above high school

Reference

Reference

BMI^a categories (kg/m²)

< 18.5

0.35 (0.15–0.83)

-

18.5–24.9

Reference

Reference

25–29.9

1.76 (1.40–2.22)

1.74 (1.34–2.25)

≥ 30

2.71 (2.12–3.47)

3.12 (2.35–4.16)

Physical activity

Low

1.38 (1.03–1.84)

1.15 (0.81–1.62)

Moderate

1.52 (1.10–2.09)

1.22 (0.84–1.77)

High

Reference

Reference

Smoking status

Never

Reference

Reference

Former

1.97 (1.54–2.53)

1.03 (0.76–1.40)

Current

0.78 (0.53–1.15)

0.55 (0.35–0.87)

Addition of salt when preparing food at home

Never

1.93 (1.04–3.57)

1.71 (0.83–3.54)

Sometimes

0.97 (0.65–1.46)

0.93 (0.58–1.50)

Always

Reference

Reference

Addition of salt to already cooked food

Never

Reference

Reference

Sometimes

0.61 (0.41–0.92)

0.69 (0.44–1.09)

Always^b

-

-

Fruits and vegetables consumption (frequency/wk)

At least 1 per day

Reference

Reference

Less than 1 per day

0.84 (0.70–1.02)

0.85 (0.68–1.06)

Diabetes mellitus

No

Reference

Reference

Yes

1.41 (0.77–2.60)

1.17 (0.59–2.33)