Table 1 Demographic data and clinical characteristics of patients with white-coat and without white-coat effect (N = 178)
Clinical characteristics | White-coat effect | Total no. | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Present (n = 122) | Absent (n = 56) | (%) | ||
Age (years) | ||||
Mean | 65.6 (SD 9.7) | 63.8 (SD 10.7) | 65.0 (SD 10) | 0.270 |
No. of patients < 40 | 1 | 1 | 2 (1.1) | |
40–49 | 8 | 4 | 12 (6.7) | |
50–59 | 23 | 14 | 37 (20.8) | |
60–69 | 48 | 19 | 67 (37.7) | 0.791 |
70–79 | 34 | 16 | 50 (28.1) | |
≥ 80 | 8 | 2 | 10 (5.6) | |
Sex | ||||
Male | 45 | 19 | 64 (36.0) | 0.703 |
Female | 77 | 37 | 114 (64.0) | |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | ||||
Mean | 25.3 (SD 3.7) | 25.6 (SD 3.8) | 0.618 | |
No. of patients < 23 | 28 | 17 | 45 (25.3) | |
23–24.9 (overweight) | 36 | 11 | 47 (26.4) | 0.317 |
≥ 25 (obesity) | 58 | 28 | 86 (48.3) | |
Smoking status | ||||
Non smoker | 101 | 43 | 144 (80.9) | 0.296 |
Ex-smoker | 19 | 13 | 32 (1.1) | |
Current smoker | 2 | 0 | 2 (18.0) | |
Presence of diabetes | ||||
Yes | 38 | 17 | 55 (30.9) | 0.916 |
No | 84 | 39 | 123 (69.1) | |
History of cardiovascular disease | ||||
Yes | 8 | 5 | 13 (7.3) | 0.757 |
No | 114 | 51 | 165 (92.7) | |
No. of anti-hypertensives taken | ||||
Monotherapy | 66 | 31 | 97 (54.5) | |
Two drugs | 33 | 16 | 49 (27.5) | 0.866 |
Three or more drugs | 23 | 9 | 32 (18.0) | |
Types of anti-hypertensives taken | ||||
Alpha-blockers | 9 | 7 | 16 (9.0) | 0.267 |
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | 34 | 15 | 49 (27.5) | 0.881 |
Angiotensin receptor blockers | 17 | 9 | 26 (14.6) | 0.820 |
Beta-adrenergic blockers | 28 | 10 | 38 (21.3) | 0.555 |
Calcium channel blockers | 94 | 38 | 132 (74.2) | 0.193 |
Diuretics | 10 | 5 | 15 (8.4) | 1 |
Hydralazine | 8 | 5 | 14 (7.9) | 0.757 |
Methyldopa | 7 | 2 | 9 (5.1) | 0.722 |