Table 1 Antihypertensive effects of thiazide and loop diuretics in subjects with CKD
Study | No. of subjects | Study duration (follow-up) | Renal function at baseline | Comparison | Outcome measure | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Thiazide diuretics (thiazide-type/thiazide-like) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Agarwal et al. [35] (2014) | 14 | 12 wk | eGFR 20–45 mL/min/1.73 m2 | With vs. without chlorthalidone | 24-hr ambulatory blood pressure | Decreased 10.5/3.1 mmHg with chlorthalidone |
 CLICK trial [8] (2021) | 160 | 12 wk | eGFR 15–30 mL/min/1.73 m2 | Placebo vs. chlorthalidone | 24-hr ambulatory systolic blood pressure | Decreased 10.5 mmHg with chlorthalidone |
 Bennett et al. [45] (1977) | 12 | 6 mo | Anuric kidney failure (CKD stage 5) | Hydrochlorothiazide or metolazone vs. placebo (crossover) | Predialysis and postdialysis blood pressure | No significant change in blood pressure |
Loop diuretics | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Vasavada et al. [50] (2003) | 14 | 9 wk | eGFR 42 ± 10 mL/min/1.73 m2 (CKD stage 2 to 3) | Torsemide vs. furosemide (crossover) | 24-hr ambulatory blood pressure | No difference in blood pressure lowering |
 Dussol et al. [53] (2012) | 23 | 3 mo | eGFR 25 ± 10 mL/min/1.73 m2 (CKD stage 3 to 4) | Furosemide vs. hydrochlorothiazide vs. combined regimen (crossover) | Mean blood pressure | No difference in blood pressure between two drugs (combined regimen has an additive effect) |
 Hayashi et al. [55] (2008) | 19 | Single or repeated doses | Anuric kidney failure (CKD stage 5) | Baseline vs. after furosemide administration | Systolic and diastolic blood pressure | No changes in blood pressure between before and after therapy |