Dependent variable | β | P-value |
---|
Control group |
 Septal e′ velocity | –0.360 | 0.001 |
 E/e′ | 0.344 | 0.001 |
HFrEF group |
 Septal e′ velocity | –0.167 | 0.177 |
 E/e′ | 0.063 | 0.631 |
HFpEF group |
 Septal e′ velocity | –0.429 | 0.002 |
 E/e′ | 0.117 | 0.435 |
- β and P values are for brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity. Following clinical covariates were controlled as potential confounders: age, sex, and cardiovascular risk factors including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and cigarette smoking
- HFrEF Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, HFpEF Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction