Characteristic | Control (n = 84) | HFrEF (n = 83) | HFpEF (n = 68) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (yr) | 61.3 ± 11.1 | 64.6 ± 12.7 | 77.0 ± 9.2 | < 0.001 |
Female sex | 37 (44.0) | 19 (22.9) | 38 (55.9) | < 0.001 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.5 ± 3.2 | 22.4 ± 7.3 | 24.3 ± 4.9 | 0.033 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 126.0 ± 13.0 | 124.0 ± 18.0 | 139.0 ± 22.0 | < 0.001 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 74.3 ± 9.4 | 76.2 ± 13.4 | 76.5 ± 11.6 | 0.436 |
Cardiovascular risk factor | ||||
 Hypertension | 34 (40.5) | 54 (65.1) | 55 (80.9) | < 0.001 |
 Diabetes mellitus | 14 (16.7) | 30 (36.1) | 28 (41.2) | 0.002 |
 Dyslipidemia | 30 (35.7) | 25 (30.1) | 33 (48.5) | 0.062 |
 Cigarette smoking | 10 (11.9) | 26 (31.3) | 3 (4.4) | < 0.001 |
 Coronary artery disease | 0 | 13 (15.7) | 13 (19.1) | 0.001 |
 Stroke | 0 | 10 (12.0) | 10 (14.7) | 0.020 |
Laboratory finding | ||||
 White blood cell count (/µL) | 6,136 ± 1,696 | 7,057 ± 1,865 | 6,494 ± 2,463 | 0.252 |
 Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 14.1 ± 1.3 | 15.9 ± 8.7 | 12.0 ± 2.0 | < 0.001 |
 Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 181.0 ± 41.0 | 166.0 ± 43.0 | 146.0 ± 62.0 | < 0.001 |
 LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 108.0 ± 40.0 | 103.0 ± 41.0 | 87.0 ± 32.0 | 0.019 |
 HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 56.2 ± 13.1 | 39.7 ± 10.2 | 45.7 ± 13.5 | < 0.001 |
 Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 114.0 ± 48.0 | 122.0 ± 68.0 | 128.0 ± 79.0 | 0.452 |
 eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | 94.6 ± 19.4 | 70.8 ± 26.5 | 65.9 ± 32.0 | < 0.001 |
 Glucose (mg/dL) | 115.0 ± 31.0 | 123.0 ± 38.0 | 118.0 ± 34.0 | 0.659 |
 Glycated hemoglobin (%) | 5.91 ± 0.77 | 6.60 ± 1.20 | 6.38 ± 1.25 | < 0.001 |
 C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | 0.21 ± 0.82 | 1.65 ± 4.31 | 1.09 ± 3.15 | 0.018 |
Cardiovascular medication | ||||
 Calcium channel blocker | 9 (10.7) | 22 (26.5) | 33 (48.5) | < 0.001 |
 Beta blocker | 11 (13.1) | 68 (81.9) | 42 (61.8) | < 0.001 |
 RAS blocker | 10 (11.9) | 70 (84.3) | 37 (54.4) | < 0.001 |
 Statin | 31 (36.9) | 27 (32.5) | 33 (48.5) | 0.122 |
 Diuretics | 6 (7.1) | 46 (55.4) | 31 (45.5) | < 0.001 |