Table 2 Sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with high blood pressure among HIV-infected young persons aged 13 to 25 years in Kabarole and Kasese districts, western Uganda, from September to October 2021
Characteristic | Blood pressure | Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
High (n = 530) | Normal (n = 515) | cPR (95% CI) | P-value | aPR (95% CI) | P-value | |
Sex | ||||||
Female | 352 (68) | 362 (68) | Ref | Ref | ||
Male | 163 (32) | 168 (32) | 1.00 (0.83–1.22) | 0.991 | 1.09 (0.95–1.27) | 0.221 |
Age (yr) | ||||||
13–17 | 125 (24) | 181 (34) | Ref | Ref | ||
18–25 | 390 (76) | 349 (66) | 1.29 (1.06–1.58) | 0.013 | 1.21 (1.01–1.44) | 0.035 |
Level of education | - | - | ||||
None | 38 (7) | 44 (8) | Ref | |||
Primary | 279 (54) | 317 (60) | 1.01 (0.72–1.42) | 0.953 | ||
Secondary | 145 (28) | 130 (25) | 1.14 (0.80–1.63) | 0.479 | ||
Tertiary | 53 (10) | 39 (7) | 1.24 (0.82–1.89) | 0.306 | ||
Mode of acquisition | ||||||
Vertical transmission | 249 (48) | 299 (56) | Ref | Ref | ||
Sexual transmission | 266 (52) | 231 (44) | 1.18 (0.99–1.40) | 0.063 | 1.17 (0.97–1.43) | 0.103 |
Viral load | ||||||
Undetectable | 95 (19) | 91 (17) | Ref | Ref | ||
Suppressed | 442 (86) | 426 (80) | 1.00 (0.79–1.24) | 0.974 | 1.01 (0.86–1.19) | 0.877 |
Unsuppressed | 73 (14) | 104 (20) | 0.81 (0.60–1.10) | 0.170 | 0.84 (0.67–1.04) | 0.115 |
Family history of cardiovascular disease | ||||||
No | 434 (84) | 455 (86) | Ref | Ref | ||
Yes | 81 (16) | 75 (14) | 1.06 (0.84–1.35) | 0.611 | 1.02 (0.86–1.19) | 0.820 |
Tobacco use | ||||||
Never smoked | 493 (96) | 521 (98) | Ref | Ref | ||
Current or past smoker | 22 (4) | 9 (2) | 1.46 (0.95–2.24) | 0.083 | 1.41 (1.08–1.83) | 0.011 |
Alcohol use | ||||||
Never | 424 (82) | 458 (86) | Ref | Ref | ||
Current or past drinker | 91 (18) | 72 (14) | 1.16 (0.93–1.46) | 0.195 | 1.05 (0.89–1.25) | 0.553 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | ||||||
< 18.5 | 80 (16) | 115 (22) | Ref | Ref | ||
18.5–25 | 343 (67) | 321 (61) | 0.79 (0.62–1.02) | 0.063 | 0.86 (0.71–1.24) | 0.109 |
25–30 | 75 (15) | 84 (16) | 0.84 (0.59–1.18) | 0.310 | 0.89 (0.74–1.07) | 0.221 |
≥ 30 | 17 (3) | 10 (2) | 1.59 (0.72–3.53) | 0.253 | 1.16 (0.86–1.57) | 0.322 |
Duration since diagnosis of HIV (yr) | ||||||
< 5 | 218 (42) | 214 (40) | Ref | Ref | ||
5–10 | 127 (25) | 130 (25) | 0.96 (0.70–1.31) | 0.790 | 1.09 (0.92–1.28) | 0.320 |
> 10 | 170 (33) | 186 (35) | 0.90 (0.68–1.19) | 0.449 | 1.19 (0.97–1.17) | 0.094 |
Duration on antiretroviral therapy (yr) | - | - | ||||
< 5 | 224 (44) | 225 (43) | Ref | |||
5–10 | 153 (30) | 176 (33) | 0.93 (0.66–1.15) | 0.503 | ||
> 10 | 138 (27) | 129 (24) | 1.04 (0.084–1.28) | 0.744 | ||
Resting heart rate (beats/min)e) | ||||||
≤ 76 | 273 (53) | 315 (59) | Ref | Ref | ||
> 76 | 242 (47) | 215 (41) | 1.30 (1.02–1.66) | 0.036 | 1.15 (1.01–1.32) | 0.044 |