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Table 4 Demographic and clinical characteristic of five groups categorized by systolic blood pressure difference

From: Association of the magnitude of the difference in blood pressure between office and ambulatory measurements with blood pressure variability in untreated individuals

 

Systolic blood pressure difference between office and daytime ambulatory blood pressure

 

Masked effect

Reference

White-coat effect

 > -5 mmHg

-5 to < 0 mmHg

0 to < 5 mmHg

5 to < 10 mmHg

 ≥ 10 mmHg

p*

n

70

52

50

53

71

 

Age, years

50.5 ± 8.7a,b

49.4 ± 9.6a

50.3 ± 9.9a

51.3 ± 12.9a,b

55.5 ± 9.1b

0.005

Sex

 Male (%)

34 (48.6)

26 (50.0)

23 (46.0)

28 (52.8)

23 (32.4)

0.149

 Female (%)

36 (51.4)

26 (50.0)

27 (54.0)

25 (47.2)

48 (67.6)

 

BMI, kg/m2

26.0 ± 3.6

25.5 ± 3.3

24.9 ± 2.4

24.9 ± 3.7

25.2 ± 3.5

0.349

eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2

101.4 ± 10.5

100.2 ± 13.1

98.3 ± 13.2

98.7 ± 14.5

97.5 ± 11.4

0.371

Fasting blood glucose, mg/dL

105.0 ± 31.9

105.5 ± 19.9

101.7 ± 14.7

101.6 ± 8.8

103.1 ± 12.1

0.763

LDL, mg/dL

132.7 ± 31.5

129.7 ± 33.9

133.4 ± 39.4

133.5 ± 33.6

134.1 ± 26.6

0.962

HbA1C, %

5.8 ± 0.9

5.8 ± 0.6

5.6 ± 0.6

5.6 ± 0.4

5.7 ± 0.4

0.137

Spot urine ACR

10.8 ± 7.1

9.8 ± 7.5

7.6 ± 5.2

9.3 ± 6.1

8.7 ± 6.5

0.106

Office SBP

138.2 ± 9.2a

139.0 ± 9.1a

138.6 ± 7.4a

141.5 ± 6.9a,b

144.3 ± 10.3b

 < 0.001

24-h ambulatory SBP

141.8 ± 12.0a

136.5 ± 10.1b

132.2 ± 8.3b,c

130.8 ± 7.4c

125.4 ± 10.2d

 < 0.001

Daytime ambulatory SBP

149.8 ± 11.8a

141.5 ± 9.3b

136.1 ± 7.3c

134.2 ± 6.9c

127.7 ± 9.6d

 < 0.001

Nighttime ambulatory SBP

128.9 ± 15.3a

127.9 ± 13.2a

124.8 ± 11.5a,b

123.6 ± 11.3a,b

118.8 ± 13.3b

 < 0.001

  1. BMI Body mass index, eGFR Estimated glomerular filtration rate, LDL Low density lipoprotein, ACR Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio, SBP Systolic blood pressure
  2. *p-value given by the analysis of variance, where the different superscript alphabets (a, b, c and d) represent significant differences at an alpha level of 0.05, as given by the post hoc Tukey’s HSD analysis
  3. p-value of sex ratio was given by Chi-square test between five groups