Table 2 Diagnosis of ambulatory hypertension, white coat hypertension, and masked hypertension based on 24-h mean ABP and day-night ABP thresholds

Ambulatory hypertension

 Entire group (n = 450)

27 (0.22 to 0.32)

44 (0.37 to 0.50)

17 (10.8 to 23)^*

 Age ≥ 13 yrs. (n = 267)

22 (0.16 to 0.28)

45 (0.37 to 0.53)

23 (15.1 to 30.5)^*

 Male sex (n = 267)

28 (0.22 to 0.35)

43 (0.35 to 0.51)

15 (6.9 to 22.8)^*

 Overweight/obese (n = 248)

28 (0.22 to 0.35)

47 (0.38 to 0.56)

19 (10.5 to 27.1)^*

 Primary hypertension (n = 352)

31 (0.25 to 0.37)

49 (0.42 to 0.57)

18 (10.8 to 24.9)^*

 Secondary hypertension (n = 98)

13 (0.07 to 0.22)

23 (0.14 to 0.35)

10 (0.8 to 20.7)

 No BP medication (n = 322)

32 (0.25 to 0.38)

51 (0.43 to 0.59)

19 (11.4 to 26.3)^*

 On BP medication (n = 128)

16 (0.09 to 0.24)

26 (0.17 to 0.36)

10 (0.01 to 19.8)

White coat hypertension

 Entire group (n = 450)

34 (0.28 to 0.39)

25 (0.20 to 0.30)

9 (2.1 to 13.9)^*

 Age ≥ 13 yr (n = 267)

35 (0.28 to 0.43)

23 (0.18 to 0.30)

12.0 (4.3 to 19.5)^*

 Male sex (n = 267)

33 (0.27 to 0.41)

26 (0.20 to 0.33)

70 (–0.7 to 14.6)

 Overweight/obese (n = 248)

37 (0.30 to 0.46)

25 (0.19 to 0.32)

12 (3.9 to 19.9)^*

 Primary hypertension (n = 352)

34 (0.29 to 0.41)

25 (0.20 to 0.31)

9 (2.3 to 15.6)^*

 Secondary hypertension (n = 98)

28 (0.18 to 0.41)

23 (0.14 to 0.35)

5 (–7.2 to 17)

 No BP medication (n = 322)

36 (0.29 to 0.43)

25 (0.20 to 0.31)

11 (3.9 to 18)^*

 On BP medication (n = 128)

27 (0.19 to 0.38)

23 (0.15 to 0.33)

4 (–6.6 to 14.5)

Masked hypertension

 Entire group (n = 450)

6 (0.04 to 0.09)

14 (0.11 to 0.18)

8 (4.1 to 12)^*

 Age ≥ 13 yr (n = 267)

6 (0.03 to 0.10)

17 (0.12 to 0.23)

11 (5.6 to 16.5)^*

 Male sex (n = 267)

6 (0.03 to 0.10)

14 (0.10 to 0.19)

8 (2.9 to 13.2^)*

 Overweight/obese (n = 248)

6 (0.03 to 0.10)

12 (0.08 to 0.17)

8 (2.9 to 13.2)^*

 Primary hypertension (n = 352)

6 (0.04 to 0.09)

15 (0.11 to 0.20)

9 (4.5 to 13.6)^*

 Secondary hypertension (n = 98)

6 (0.02 to 0.13)

11 (0.05 to 0.20)

5 (–3.1 to 13.4)

 No BP medication (n = 322)

8 (0.05 to 0.12)

17 (0.13 to 0.22)

9 (3.9 to 14.1)^*

 On BP medication (n = 128)

1 (0.00 to 0.05)

7 (0.03 to 0.14)

6 (1.1 to 11.8)^*