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Table 2 Risk factors of untreated hypertension among women married as adults and as children

From: Child marriage and health disparities in adulthood: the differential risk of untreated hypertension among young adult women in India

Variable

Crude odds ratio (95% confidence interval)

Adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval)

 

Married as adult

(n = 12,746)

Married as child

(n = 9,394)

P-value

Married as adult

(n = 12,746)

Married as child

(n = 9,394)

P-value

Age (yr)

 20–22

Reference

Reference

 

Reference

Reference

 

 23–25

1.234 (0.998–1.525)

1.045 (0.791–1.380)

0.357

1.261* (1.014–1.568)

1.095 (0.843–1.421)

0.512

 26–28

1.490*** (1.205–1.843)

1.289* (1.008–1.649)

0.381

1.536*** (1.218–1.938)

1.290 (0.978–1.701)

0.471

 29–31

1.476*** (1.206–1.807)

1.657*** (1.281–2.142)

0.492

1.497*** (1.184–1.893)

1.664*** (1.248–2.219)

0.392

 32–34

1.797*** (1.465–2.204)

1.577*** (1.239–2.006)

0.410

1.793*** (1.396–2.304)

1.566** (1.155–2.124)

0.527

Education

 No education

Reference

Reference

 

Reference

Reference

 

 Primary

0.87 (0.699–1.083)

0.895 (0.745–1.074)

0.844

0.888 (0.712–1.109)

0.904 (0.751–1.089)

0.912

 Secondary

0.701*** (0.601–0.818)

0.843* (0.722–0.985)

0.981

0.733*** (0.612–0.878)

0.877 (0.736–1.047)

0.155

 Higher

0.645*** (0.532–0.782)

0.434* (0.222–0.850)

0.267

0.658*** (0.519–0.833)

0.471* (0.259–0.854)

0.286

Relation to household head

 Head

Reference

Reference

 

Reference

Reference

 

 Wife

1.714*** (1.265–2.323)

1.370* (1.039–1.805)

0.264

1.857*** (1.360–2.535)

1.486** (1.117–1.977)

0.291

 Daughter

1.16 (0.817–1.647)

0.778 (0.528–1.144)

0.126

1.494* (1.027–2.172)

1.052 (0.673–1.644)

0.189

 Daughter-in-law

1.454* (1.070–1.974)

1.143 (0.855–1.528)

0.247

1.800*** (1.279–2.534)

1.516* (1.052–2.184)

0.470

 Other

1.434 (0.994–2.070)

1.016 (0.660–1.564)

0.218

1.781** (1.186–2.675)

1.329 (0.789–2.239)

0.319

Parity

 0

Reference

Reference

 

Reference

Reference

 

 1–2

0.921 (0.780–1.087)

0.637* (0.424–0.958)

0.098

0.715*** (0.586–0.872)

0.572* (0.364–0.899)

0.341

 3–4

1.053 (0.863–1.286)

0.651* (0.434–0.974)

0.036

0.665** (0.513–0.863)

0.517** (0.323–0.828)

0.351

 5 + 

1.132 (0.688–1.861)

0.719 (0.468–1.106)

0.172

0.627 (0.374–1.050)

0.535* (0.313–0.914)

0.767

Pregnant

 No

Reference

Reference

 

Reference

Reference

 

 Yes

0.514*** (0.421–0.628)

0.364***

0.058

0.508** (0.411–0.627)

0.388** (0.279–0.539)

0.173

Lactating

 No

Reference

Reference

 

Reference

Reference

 

 Yes

0.862* (0.766–0.970)

0.848* (0.728–0.989)

0.870

0.925 (0.801–1.068)

1.016 (0.849–1.215)

0.421

Household size

 3 or less

Reference

Reference

 

Reference

Reference

 

 4–5

0.961 (0.802–1.151)

0.847 (0.659–1.087)

0.429

0.906 (0.749–1.096)

0.806 (0.626–1.038)

0.415

 6–8

0.934 (0.772–1.130)

0.797 (0.612–1.039)

0.343

0.954 (0.760–1.198)

0.775 (0.572–1.049)

0.250

 9 + 

0.860 (0.695–1.064)

0.666* (0.480–0.925)

0.197

0.899 (0.696–1.162)

0.670 (0.427–1.053)

0.223

Wealth index quintiles

 Poorest

Reference

Reference

 

Reference

Reference

 

 Poorer

0.828 (0.680–1.008)

0.87 (0.726–1.043)

0.710

0.880 (0.714–1.084)

0.876 (0.724–1.059)

0.871

 Middle

0.763** (0.630–0.925)

0.864 (0.710–1.050)

0.363

0.820 (0.661–1.017)

0.888 (0.714–1.105)

0.626

 Richer

0.782* (0.644–0.949)

0.945 (0.743–1.202)

0.212

0.819 (0.648–1.036)

1.015 (0.793–1.298)

0.280

 Richest

0.773** (0.636–0.938)

0.78 (0.579–1.049)

0.960

0.766* (0.593–0.991)

0.876 (0.647–1.187)

0.585

Religion

 Hindu

Reference

Reference

 

Reference

Reference

 

 Muslim

1.084 (0.926–1.270)

1.08 (0.899–1.297)

0.976

1.072 (0.900–1.276)

1.134 (0.922–1.394)

0.724

 Christian

0.755 (0.547–1.043)

1.225 (0.724–2.074)

0.145

0.688* (0.487–0.974)

1.119 (0.641–1.952)

0.117

 Sikh

1.791*** (1.372–2.339)

1.301 (0.812–2.084)

0.255

1.918*** (1.434–2.566)

1.305 (0.791–2.155)

0.166

 Buddhist

0.69 (0.332–1.433)

0.793 (0.307–2.046)

0.820

0.651 (0.300–1.411)

0.889 (0.338–2.338)

0.646

 Other

1.913 (0.857–4.269)

2.449 (0.947–6.337)

0.703

1.673 (0.734–3.813)

2.192 (0.797–6.029)

0.732

Caste

 None

Reference

Reference

 

Reference

Reference

 

 Scheduled caste

0.877 (0.733–1.049)

0.829 (0.661–1.039)

0.695

0.889 (0.732–1.081)

0.831 (0.646–1.068)

0.729

 Scheduled tribe

1.445*** (1.188–1.756)

1.251 (0.995–1.574)

0.340

1.465*** (1.174–1.829)

1.199 (0.928–1.550)

0.214

 Other backward class

0.857* (0.737–0.997)

0.894 (0.746–1.072)

0.721

0.881 (0.754–1.030)

0.919 (0.761–1.111)

0.848

Residence

 Rural

Reference

Reference

 

Reference

Reference

 

 Urban

1.054 (0.923–1.203)

0.885 (0.716–1.093)

0.153

1.157 (0.991–1.352)

0.864 (0.701–1.064)

0.031

  1. Estimates were obtained using complex survey weights; the P-values are indicative of whether the odds ratios across the two groups are statistically different
  2. *P < 0.05
  3. **P < 0.01
  4. ***P < 0.001