Table 2 Qualitative synthesis of clinical trials from aerobic and strength training included in the systematic review
Author, year | Sample | Interventions (F.I.T.T) | BP at baseline | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Coghill and Cooper, 2008 [19] | EXP: 38♂; 54.8 ± 5 yrs CTL: 29♂; 55.6 ± 4.7 yrs | F: At least 5 days/wk for 12 wks; I: RPE of 12–14; T: at least 30 min T: Walk Briskly | SBP 138 ± 16; DBP 90 ± 10 mmHg | ↓SBP; ↔ Resting DBP; ↓BMI; ↓BF; ↓Waist-hip-ratio |
Hua, 2009 [20] | EXP: 10♂ 10♀; ♂55.8 + 9.5 yrs; ♀56.3 + 9.6 yrs CTL: 10♂ 10♀; ♂55.9 + 10.2 yrs; ♀58.5 + 11.3 yrs | F: 4 days/wk for 12 wks; I: 35–40% HR reserve and RPE 11–13; T: 4.8 km/day by the end of 12 weeks T: walking | Men SBP 140 ± 11; DBP 92 ± 7 mmHg Women SBP 141 ± 16; DBP 87 ± 9 mmHg | ↓SBP and DBP; ↔ HR |
Suter et al., 1990 [21] | EXP: 39 ♂; 38.8 ± 8.9 yrs CTL: 22 ♂; 35.2 ± 7.3 yrs | F: 2–6 sessions (self-managed) for 4 months I: 75–86% of HRmax T: at least 120 min per wk T: jogging or walking/jogging | SBP 134 ± 15; DBP 89 ± 11 mmHg |  ↔ SBP and DBP; ↓Waist-hip-ratio; ↓BMI; ↑endurance capacity |
Staffileno et al. 2007 [22] | EXP: 13 ♀; 38.6 ± 5 yrs CTL: 10 ♀; 40.2 ± 6.1 yrs | F: 2–3 sessions/day for 8 wks I: 50–60% HRR T: 10 min/session; 150 min/wk T: lifestyle physical activity (e.g., walking, stair climbing) | SBP 136 ± 7; DBP 91 ± 5 mmHg | ↓SBP ↔ resting DBP |
Farinatti et al., 2005 [23] | EXP: 26♂ 52♀; 52 ± 12 yrs CTL: 9♂ 7♀; 48 ± 9 yrs | F: 3 days/wk for 16 wks I: 60–80% maximum HR for the age T: 30 min T: Aerobic activity and flexibility exercises | Not reported | ↓SBP and DBP; ↓Weight; ↓WHR; ↓ SM; ↓ %BF; ↑TF |
Farinatti et al., 2016 [24] | EXP: 7♂ 22♀; 53 ± 11 yrs CTL: 5♂ 9♀; 48 ± 5 yrs | F: 3 days/week for 16 months I: 60–85% HRmax (220 – age) T:30 min T: walking and stretching exercises | SBP 141 ± 20; DBP 85 ± 8 mmHg | ↓SBP, DBP and MBP ↓COL; ↑HDL; ↓TRI; ↓BMI; ↓waist circumference; %BF, ↑TF |
Blackwell et al., 2017 [25] | EXP H-HIIT: 6♂♀; 52.2 ± 2 yrs EXP H-IHGT: 6♂♀; 51.5 ± 2.3 yrs | H-HIIT: F: 3 days/wk for 4 wks; I: max of repetitions with HR over 85% (HRmax [220 – age]) T: 2 min warm-up + 5 × 1 min of equipment-free T: HIIT (star-jumps, squat thrusts, and static sprints) H-IHGT: F: 3 days/wk for 4 wks I: 30% MVC and HR over 85% (HRmax [220 – age]) T: 4 × 2 min T: isometric handgrip exercise | H-HIIT: SBP 130 ± 5; DBP 81 ± 5 mmHg H-IHGT: SBP 138 ± 4; DBP 93 ± 3 mmHg | H-HIIT: ↔ SBP; ↔ DBP; ↑AT; ↑VO2max H-IHGT: ↓SBP; ↔ DBP; ↔ AT; ↔ VO2max |
Punia and Kulandaivelan, 2020 [26] | EXP: 10♂ 10♀; 30–45 yrs; CTL: 10♂ 10♀; 30–45 yrs | F: 3 days/wk for 8 wks I: 30% MVC T: 4 × 2 min T: isometric handgrip exercise | SBP 144 ± 8; DBP 93 ± 5 mmHg | ↓SBP; ↓DBP; ↓MBP; ↓HR; ↔ PP |
Gordon et al., 2018 [27] | EXP: 2♂ 7♀; 47 ± 12 yrs CTL: 2♂ 3♀; 47 ± 9 yrs | F: 3 days/wk for 12 wks I: 30% MVC T: 4 × 2 min T: isometric handgrip training | SBP 137.7 ± 4.1; DBP 88.4 ± 0.8 mmHg |  ↔ SBP and DBP |
Taylor et al., 2018 [28] | EXP: 24♂; 30–65 yrs; CTL: 24♂; 30–65 yrs | F: 3 days/wk for 4 wks I: compatible HR from isometric exercise test T: 4 × 2 min T: isometric wall squat exercise | SBP 137 ± 11; DBP 78 ± 7 mmHg | ↓SBP; ↓DBP; ↓PP; ↔ HR; ↑SV and CO at rest; ↓TPR at rest; ↓LF/HF and ↓LFn at rest; ↑HFn, ↑PSD and ↑BRS at rest |