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Table 3 Odds of hypertension by tertiles of arm adiposity measures

From: Leg and arm adiposity is inversely associated with diastolic hypertension in young and middle-aged United States adults

Variable

Tertile 1

Tertile 2

Tertile 3

No. (%)

1853 (23.8)

Arm/total %

Unadjusted

1.00 (Ref)

0.97 (0.79, 1.18)

1.12 (0.92, 1.36)

Model 1

1.00 (Ref)

0.99 (0.72, 1.35)

1.24 (0.87, 1.75)

Model 2

1.00 (Ref)

0.96 (0.70, 1.31)

0.90 (0.64, 1.24)

Model 3

1.00 (Ref)

0.87 (0.62, 1.22)

0.89 (0.68, 1.17)

Arm lean/fat ratio

Unadjusted

1.00 (Ref)

0.74 (0.64, 0.87)

0.50 (0.42, 0.60)

Model 1

1.00 (Ref)

0.77 (0.42, 1.40)

0.63 (0.36, 1.11)

Model 2

1.00 (Ref)

0.99 (0.73, 1.33)

1.17 (0.81, 1.70)

Model 3

1.00 (Ref)

1.03 (0.81, 1.31)

1.13 (0.71, 1.80)

Arm fat %

Unadjusted

1.00 (Ref)

1.49 (1.26, 1.77)

2.03 (1.72, 2.40)

Model 1

1.00 (Ref)

1.26 (0.95, 1.69)

1.66 (1.02, 2.69)

Model 2

1.00 (Ref)

0.84 (0.65, 1.10)

0.92 (0.67, 1.25)

Model 3

1.00 (Ref)

1.07 (0.63, 1.80)

0.97 (0.58,1.61)

  1. Data are presented as odds ratio (95% confidence interval)
  2. Model 1 adjusts for demographic factors (age, sex, race/ethnicity, poverty index). Model 2 adjusts for Model 1 factors + cardiometabolic factors (systolic blood pressure, heart rate, triglycerides, body mass index, truncal fat mass, high density lipoprotein, alanine aminotransferase, diabetes status, serum creatinine, albuminuria, smoking, alcohol consumption). Model 3 adjusts for other examination factors (leg fat parameters other than main predictor, arm fat parameters other than main predictor)
  3. % Total fat in upper extremities corresponds to arm/total %, arm lean mass/fat mass ratio corresponds to arm lean/fat ratio, % fat in total arm mass corresponds to arm fat %. Tertiles are as follows: arm/total % (female: < 11.6, 11.6–12.9%, ≥12.9%; male: < 11.3, 11.3–12.2%, ≥12.2%); arm lean/fat ratio (female: < 1.1, 1.1–1.5, ≥1.5; male: < 2.6, 2.6–3.5, ≥3.5); arm fat % (female: < 39, 39–45%, ≥45%; male: < 21, 21–26%, ≥26%)