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Table 2 Odds of hypertension by tertiles of leg adiposity measures

From: Leg and arm adiposity is inversely associated with diastolic hypertension in young and middle-aged United States adults

Variable

Tertile 1

Tertile 2

Tertile 3

No. (%)

1853 (23.8)

Leg/total %

Unadjusted

1.00 (Ref)

0.57 (0.47, 0.69)

0.35 (0.29, 0.42)

Model 1

1.00 (Ref)

0.63 (0.52, 0.78)

0.44 (0.36, 0.54)

Model 2

1.00 (Ref)

0.79 (0.65, 0.97)

0.68 (0.56, 0.82)

Model 3

1.00 (Ref)

0.81 (0.66, 0.99)

0.70 (0.55, 0.89)

Leg lean/fat ratio

Unadjusted

1.00 (Ref)

0.83 (0.69, 0.98)

0.69 (0.57, 0.83)

Model 1

1.00 (Ref)

0.86 (0.73, 1.02)

0.74 (0.61, 0.90)

Model 2

1.00 (Ref)

1.19 (0.99, 1.43)

1.37 (1.07, 1.74)

Model 3

1.00 (Ref)

1.11 (0.92, 1.34)

1.23 (0.95, 1.60)

Leg fat %

Unadjusted

1.00 (Ref)

1.24 (1.01, 1.53)

1.44 (1.19, 1.73)

Model 1

1.00 (Ref)

1.20 (0.97, 1.45)

1.38 (1.14, 1.70)

Model 2

1.00 (Ref)

0.90 (0.74, 1.11)

0.75 (0.59, 0.95)

Model 3

1.00 (Ref)

0.93 (0.75, 1.15)

0.82 (0.63, 1.05)

  1. Data are presented as odds ratio (95% confidence interval)
  2. Model 1 adjusts for demographic factors (age, sex, race/ethnicity, poverty index). Model 2 adjusts for Model 1 factors + cardiometabolic factors (systolic blood pressure, heart rate, triglycerides, body mass index, truncal fat mass, high density lipoprotein, alanine aminotransferase, diabetes status, serum creatinine, albuminuria, smoking, alcohol consumption). Model 3 adjusts for other examination factors (leg fat parameters other than main predictor, arm fat parameters other than main predictor). Lean/fat ratio and fat % variables were not included in the same model due to significant correlation and high variance inflation factor. % Total fat in lower extremities corresponds to leg/total %, leg lean mass/fat mass ratio corresponds to leg lean/fat ratio, % fat in total leg mass corresponds to leg fat %. Identical for arm measures. Tertiles are as follows: leg/total % (female: < 36, 36–41%, ≥41%; male: < 31.5, 31.5–36.0%, ≥36%); leg lean/fat ratio (female: < 1.1, 1.1–1.4, ≥1.40; male: < 2.3, 2.3–3.0, ≥3.0); leg fat % (female: < 40, 40–45%, ≥45%; male: < 24, 24–29%, ≥29%)