Table 1 The main clinical characteristics, values of BP, BP variability parameters, and pulse wave velocity
Variable | Whole (649) | SH (428) | TH (221) | P Student or x2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Clinical characteristic | ||||
Age (yr) | 47.7 ± 14.2 | 43.4 ± 12.7 | 56.0 ± 13.2 | < 0.0001 |
White | 440 (68.2) | 269 (62.8) | 171 (77.3) | 0.0002 |
Female sex | 320 (49.4) | 195 (45.6) | 125 (56.6) | 0.008 |
Clinical CVD and CKD | 47 (7.3) | 11 (2.6) | 36 (16.3) | < 0.0001 |
Diabetes | 69 (10.6) | 25 (5.8) | 44 (19.9) | < 0.0001 |
Dyslipidemia | 188 (29.0) | 90 (21.0) | 98 (44.3) | < 0.0001 |
Obesity (kg) | 245 (37.8) | 166 (38.8) | 79 (35.7) | 0.44 |
Smoking | 48 (7.4) | 30 (10.9) | 18 (7.5) | 0.16 |
Abdominal waist at risk | 338 (52.0) | 206 (48.1) | 132 (59.7) | 0.005 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 28.8 ± 5.8 | 28.8 ± 5.0 | 28.7 ± 7.1 | 0.83 |
Abdominal waist (cm) | 95.6 ± 11.6 | 95.0 ± 11.9 | 96.5 ± 11.0 | 0.11 |
BP (mmHg) | ||||
Systolic office BP | 134.9 ± 16.4 | 133.5 ± 15.2 | 137.8 ± 18.2 | 0.0015 |
Diastolic office BP | 86.9 ± 10.9 | 87.8 ± 10.7 | 85.1 ± 11.1 | 0.0027 |
Systolic 24-h BP | 123.3 ± 12.3 | 123.3 ± 12.0 | 123.1 ± 12.7 | 0.84 |
Diastolic 24-h BP | 78.3 ± 10.4 | 79.1 ± 10.5 | 76.8 ± 10.2 | 0.0078 |
BP variability (mmHg) | ||||
SD of 24-h SBP | 12.9 ± 3.3 | 12.7 ± 3.0 | 13.3 ± 3.6 | 0.02 |
SD of 24-h DBP | 11.3 ± 3.6 | 11.3 ± 2.5 | 11.3 ± 4.9 | 1.0 |
SD of daytime SBP | 11.9 ± 4.6 | 11.7 ± 5.0 | 12.5 ± 3.9 | 0.03 |
SD of daytime DBP | 9.7 ± 2.5 | 9.7 ± 2.5 | 9.7 ± 2.5 | 1.0 |
SD of nighttime SBP | 9.6 ± 3.3 | 9.4 ± 3.2 | 10.0 ± 3.4 | 0.02 |
SD of nighttime DBP | 8.6 ± 2.7 | 8.5 ± 2.7 | 8.9 ± 2.7 | 0.07 |
Weighted SD of 24-h SBP | 11.3 ± 3.6 | 11.0 ± 3.8 | 11.7 ± 3.3 | 0.02 |
Weighted SD of 24-h DBP | 9.4 ± 2.2 | 9.4 ± 2.3 | 9.5 ± 2.1 | 0,58 |
Systolic ARV of 24 h | 8.9 ± 2.4 | 8.7 ± 2.2 | 9.2 ± 2.6 | 0,01 |
Diastolic ARV of 24 h | 7.7 ± 1.7 | 7.7 ± 1.7 | 7.7 ± 1.8 | 1.0 |
CV of 24-h SBP | 10.5 ± 2.4 | 10.3 ± 2.2 | 14.5 ± 3.3 | < 0.0001 |
CV of 24-h DBP | 14.6 ± 5.0 | 10.8 ± 2.5 | 14.9 ± 7.3 | < 0.0001 |
SD of central SBP | 3.7 ± 2.6 | 3.4 ± 2.4 | 4.4 ± 2.9 | < 0.0001 |
SD of central DBP | 2.7 ± 1.9 | 2.5 ± 1.7 | 3.0 ± 2.3 | 0.012 |
Pulse wave analysis | ||||
Mobil-O-Graph PWV (m/s) | 7.5 ± 1.7 | 7.0 ± 1.4 | 8.5 ± 1.8 | < 0.0001 |
Heart rate (bpm) | 70.9 ± 10.9 | 71.8 ± 10.9 | 69.3 ± 10.7 | 0.005 |
Peripheral pulse pressure | 48.3 ± 10.1 | 47.5 ± 9.3 | 49.9 ± 11.3 | 0.004 |
Central pulse pressure | 38.3 ± 8.9 | 38.0 ± 8.5 | 38.9 ± 9.5 | 0.22 |