Study | Sample size | Monitoring method | HRV measure | Conclusions |
---|---|---|---|---|
Clinical: maternal Chaswal et al. (2018 )[9] | 120 | HRV | Linear | A reduction in autonomic vagal modulation and an increase in sympathetic autonomic modulation in preeclampsia. |
Clinical: maternal Yang et al. (2000 )[40] | 45 | HRV | Linear | Preeclampsia is associated with a facilitation of sympathetic regulation and attenuation of parasympathetic influence of heart rate. |
Clinical: maternal Faber et al. (2004 )[57] | 161 | HRV | Linear Nonlinear | Parameters of the HRV differ between various hypertensive pregnancy disorders. |
Preclinical: fetal Abuiessa et al. (2020 )[60] | 64 | HRV | Linear | Preeclampsia accentuates endotoxic manifestations of hypotension, tachycardia, and cardiac autonomic dysfunction in male offspring. |
Clinical: maternal Speranza et al. (2019 )[61] | 60 | HRV | Linear | Autonomic activity increases during postpartum in preeclamptic women with severe features. |
Clinical: maternal and fetal Lakhno. (2017 )[62] | 106 | HRV Fetal CTG | Linear | The maternal and fetal hemodynamic coupling was reduced in preeclampsia. |
Clinical: maternal and fetal Hoyer et al. (2017 )[63] | 106 | HRV | Linear | A sympathetic overactivity and the lack of vagal regulation lead to the loss of link between maternal and fetal correlations of heart rate patterns in severe preeclampsia. |
Clinical: maternal Hossen et al. (2017 )[64] | 40 | HRV | Linear | During pregnancy and preeclampsia, parasympathetic activities are reduced, and sympathetic activities are increased compared to healthy women. |
Clinical: maternal Musa et al. (2016 )[65] | 120 | HRV | Linear | A dominant cardiac sympathetic modulation on patients with preeclampsia was found, probably secondary to parasympathetic withdrawal. |
Clinical: fetal Lakhno. (2014 )[66] | 160 | HRV | Linear | A decreased fetal autonomic tone and predominance sympathetic regulation was marked in preeclampsia. |