Table 3 Comparison of hemodynamic parameters according to the changes of pulse wave velocity after isometric handgrip exercise

 Handgrip power, maximal (kg)

36.2 ± 13.2

31.0 ± 11.1

0.207

 Handgrip power at exercise (kg)

13.3 ± 2.3

11.9 ± 3.3

0.134

 Handgrip power %

38.9 ± 6.6

39.6 ± 5.8

0.736

 Heart rate (/min)

62.5 ± 9.0

66.1 ± 9.3

0.240

 Central systolic BP (mmHg)

114.3 ± 18.3

122.7 ± 22.4

0.216

 Central diastolic BP (mmHg)

60.6 ± 7.1

66.4 ± 12.2

0.082

 Central pulse pressure (mmHg)

53.7 ± 15.6

56.3 ± 19.8

0.660

 Forward pressure (mmHg)

104.6 ± 17.3

113.1 ± 21.1

0.186

 Augmentation pressure (mmHg)

9.7 ± 7.3

9.6 ± 5.9

0.974

 Augmentation index (%)

17.9 ± 11.9

16.8 ± 9.2

0.742

 Peripheral systolic BP (mmHg)

122.3 ± 19.4

127.8 ± 21.5

0.414

 Peripheral diastolic BP (mmHg)

60.3 ± 7.7

64.2 ± 12.0

0.244

 Peripheral pulse pressure (mmHg)

62.0 ± 17.3

63.6 ± 19.9

0.787

 PWV (m/sec)

10.15 ± 2.07

9.83 ± 1.61

0.610

 Heart rate (/min)

68.7 ± 13.9

72.7 ± 11.9

0.355

 Central systolic BP (mmHg)

140.7 ± 20.9

140.1 ± 25.4

0.935

 Central diastolic BP (mmHg)

70.7 ± 7.1

74.7 ± 14.2

0.289

 Central pulse pressure (mmHg)

70.0 ± 18.0

65.3 ± 19.5

0.455

 Forward pressure (mmHg)

124.1 ± 20.2

128.4 ± 25.3

0.567

 Augmentation pressure (mmHg)

16.6 ± 9.3

11.7 ± 7.3

0.081

 Augmentation index (%)

24.3 ± 12.4

18.3 ± 10.3

0.121

 Peripheral systolic BP (mmHg)

144.3 ± 23.6

136.9 ± 26.5

0.377

 Peripheral diastolic BP (mmHg)

65.7 ± 7.7

64.4 ± 12.7

0.708

 Peripheral pulse pressure (mmHg)

78.6 ± 21.3

72.6 ± 21.6

0.395

 PWV (m/sec)

12.03 ± 2.37

9.51 ± 1.44

< 0.001

Δ Central systolic BP (mmHg)

26.4 ± 10.3

17.3 ± 15.6

0.043

Δ Forward pressure (mmHg)

19.5 ± 7.5

15.3 ± 13.4

0.245

Δ Augmentation index (%)

6.3 ± 6.3

1.5 ± 6.8

0.033

Δ Peripheral systolic BP (mmHg)

22.1 ± 11.8

9.1 ± 8.7

0.001

Δ PWV (m/sec)

1.89 ± 1.00

−0.32 ± 0.49

< 0.001