Table 2 Comparison of baseline characteristics according to the changes of pulse wave velocity after isometric handgrip exercise
All patients (N = 37) | ΔPWV ≥0.4 m/sec (N = 19) | ΔPWV < 0.4 m/sec (N = 18) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 63.3 ± 9.4 | 63.7 ± 8.4 | 62.9 ± 10.5 | 0.800 |
Male | 23 (62) | 14 (74) | 9 (50) | 0.184 |
Height (cm) | 160.8 ± 8.9 | 162.0 ± 8.3 | 160.0 ± 9.6 | 0.422 |
Weight (kg) | 65.7 ± 12.4 | 66.5 ± 12.1 | 64.9 ± 13.0 | 0.703 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.27 ± 3.30 | 25.2 ± 3.0 | 25.3 ± 3.7 | 0.902 |
Smoker | 9 (24) | 5 (26) | 4 (22) | 0.459 |
Hypertension | 26 (70) | 14 (74) | 12 (67) | 0.728 |
Diabetes mellitus | 8 (22) | 5 (26) | 3 (17) | 0.693 |
Hyperlipidemia | 33 (89) | 19 (100) | 14 (78) | 0.046 |
Chronic kidney disease | 19 (51) | 9 (47) | 10 (56) | 0.746 |
Prior myocardial infarction | 11 (30) | 7 (37) | 4 (22) | 0.476 |
Coronary artery disease | 27 (73) | 16 (84) | 11 (61) | 0.151 |
CAG findings | 0.051 | |||
1 vessel disease | 13 (48) | 5 (31) | 8 (73) | 0.034* |
2 vessel disease | 9 (33) | 6 (38) | 3 (27) | |
3 vessel disease | 5 (19) | 5 (31) | 0 (0) | |
PCI | 25 (68) | 16 (84) | 9 (50) | 0.038 |
Medications | ||||
Calcium channel blockers | 16 (43) | 10 (53) | 6 (33) | 0.325 |
RAS inhibitors | 18 (49) | 9 (47) | 9 (50) | 1.000 |
Beta-blockers | 22 (60) | 12 (63) | 10 (56) | 0.743 |
Nitrate | 8 (22) | 4 (21) | 4 (22) | 1.000 |
Statins | 31 (84) | 18 (95) | 13 (72) | 0.090 |