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Table 1 Percentages and factors associated with self-reported high blood pressure among women of reproductive age in Benin (n = 7712)

From: Prevalence and determinants of self-reported high blood pressure among women of reproductive age in Benin: a population-based study

Variable

Number of women (%)

Number of women with high blood pressure

Percentage (%) of women with high blood pressure

Unadjusted OR (95%CI)

Adjusted OR (95%CI)

Maternal age

 15–19

1623 (21.1)

41

2.5

1.00

1.00

 20–24

1422 (18.4)

88

6.2

2.54 (1.74–3.71)*

0.82 (0.34–1.96)

 25–29

1488 (19.3)

137

9.2

3.91 (2.74–5.59)*

0.95 (0.40–2.23)

 30–34

1029 (13.3)

113

11.0

4.76 (3.30–6.87)*

1.21 (0.50–2.91)

 35–39

942 (12.2)

138

14.6

6.62 (4.63–9.48)*

1.46 (0.60–3.56)

 40–44

613 (8.0)

118

19.3

9.20 (6.36–13.31)*

2.22 (0.90–5.50)

 45–49

595 (7.7)

116

19.5

9.34 (6.45–13.53)*

2.73 (1.10–6.79)*

Place of residence

 Urban

3431 (44.5)

397

11.6

1.00

 

 Rural

4281 (55.5)

354

8.3

0.69 (0.59–0.80)*

 

Geographical region

 Alibori

861 (11.2)

50

5.8

1.00

1.00

 Atacora

666 (8.6)

15

2.3

0.37 (0.21–0.67)*

0.23 (0.08–0.69)*

 Atlantic

808 (10.5)

108

13.4

2.50 (1.76–3.55)*

0.80 (0.43–1.47)

 Borgou

858 (11.1)

26

3.0

0.51 (0.31–0.82)*

0.42 (0.22–0.78)*

 Collines

716 (9.3)

52

7.3

1.27 (0.85–1.90)

0.89 (0.50–1.58)

 Couffo

493 (6.4)

74

15.0

2.86 (1.96–4.18)*

2.02 (1.09–3.73)*

 Donga

451 (5.9)

16

3.6

0.60 (0.34–1.06)

0.25 (0.09–0.67)*

 Littoral

661 (8.6)

107

16.2

3.13 (2.20–4.46)*

1.65 (0.89–3.05)

 Mono

398 (5.2)

30

7.5

1.32 (0.83–2.11)

0.79 (0.40–1.53)

 Oueme

616 (8.0)

120

19.5

3.92 (2.77–5.56)*

3.14 (1.80–5.47)*

 Plateau

465 (6.0)

76

16.3

3.17 (2.17–4.62)*

2.05 (1.19–3.50)*

 Zou

719 (9.3)

77

10.7

1.95 (1.34–2.82)*

1.29 (0.73–2.27)

Wealth index

 Poorest

1468 (19.0)

77

5.3

1.00

 

 Poorer

1528 (19.8)

112

7.3

1.43 (1.06–1.93)*

 

 Middle

1359 (17.6)

115

8.5

1.67 (1.24–2.25)*

 

 Richer

1538 (19.9)

181

11.8

2.41 (1.82–3.18)*

 

 Richest

1819 (23.6)

266

14.6

3.09 (2.38–4.03)*

 

Maternal education

 No formal education

4236 (54.9)

405

9.6

1.00

 

 Primary

1516 (19.7)

172

11.4

1.21 (1.01–1.46)*

 

 Secondary

1773 (23.0)

144

8.1

0.84 (0.69–1.02)

 

 Tertiary

187 (2.4)

30

16.0

1.81 (1.21–2.71)*

 

Participation in labour force

 Working

5833 (75.6)

656

11.3

2.38 (1.91–2.97)*

0.72 (0.34–1.49)

 Not working

1879 (24.4)

95

5.1

1.00

1.00

Religion

 Christianity

4230 (54.9)

497

11.8

1.00

1.00

 Islam

2298 (29.8)

145

6.3

0.51 (0.42–0.61)*

1.07 (0.75–1.52)

 Traditional and others

1184 (15.3)

109

9.2

0.76 (0.61–0.95)*

1.02 (0.74–1.40)

Neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantaged status

 Tertile 1 (lowest)

2563 (33.2)

341

13.3

1.00

1.00

 Tertile 2

2565 (33.3)

260

10.1

0.74 (0.62–0.87)*

0.89 (0.67–1.20)

 Tertile 3 (highest)

2584 (33.5)

150

5.8

0.40 (0.33–0.49)*

0.70 (0.50–0.99)*

Women’s enlightenment level

 Low

2837 (36.8)

194

6.8

1.00

1.00

 Moderate

3042 (39.4)

358

11.8

1.82 (1.51–2.18)*

1.41 (1.08–1.84)*

 High

1833 (23.8)

199

10.9

1.66 (1.35–2.04)*

1.20 (0.84–1.72)

Decision making power

 Low

1358 (35.9)

157

11.6

1.00

1.00

 Moderate

1751 (46.4)

277

15.8

1.44 (1.17–1.77)*

1.05 (0.81–1.36)

 High

668 (17.7)

88

13.2

1.16 (0.88–1.53)

0.96 (0.68–1.35)

Number of children ever born

 1–2

1945 (25.2)

200

10.3

1.00

1.00

 3–4

1691 (21.9)

200

11.8

1.17 (0.95–1.44)

0.99 (0.72–1.38)

  > 4

2027 (26.3)

283

14.0

1.42 (1.17–1.72)*

0.97 (0.66–1.41)

 No birth

2049 (26.6)

68

3.3

0.30 (0.23–0.40)*

1.17 (0.89–3.53)

Covered by health insurance

 Not covered

7628 (98.9)

735

9.6

1.00

1.00

 Covered

84 (1.1)

16

19.1

2.21 (1.27–3.82)*

1.78 (0.89–3.53)

Watch television

 Not at all

4777 (61.9)

392

8.2

1.00

 

 Less than once a week

1338 (17.4)

160

12.0

1.52 (1.25–1.85)*

 

 At least once a week

1597 (20.7)

199

12.5

1.59 (1.33–1.91)*

 

Listen to radio

 Not at all

3311 (42.9)

249

7.5

1.00

 

 Less than once a week

1648 (21.4)

161

9.8

1.33 (1.08–1.64)*

 

 At least once a week

2753 (35.7)

341

12.4

1.74 (1.46–2.06)*

 

Ever used any method to delay pregnancy

 Yes

2371 (30.7)

312

13.2

1.69 (1.45–1.97)*

1.25 (0.99–1.58)

 No

5341 (69.3)

439

8.2

1.00

1.00

Usage of cigarettes or tobacco products

 Use

216 (2.8)

8

3.7

1.00

1.00

 Not use

7496 (97.2)

743

9.9

2.86 (1.41–5.82)*

1.21 (0.41–3.61)

Age at first sex

  < 14

525 (6.8)

39

7.4

1.00

1.00

 14–17

3887 (50.4)

381

9.8

1.35 (0.96–1.91)

1.11 (0.69–1.77)

  > 17

2364 (30.7)

319

13.5

1.94 (1.37–2.74)*

1.07 (0.65–1.75)

 Not had sex

936 (12.1)

12

1.3

0.16 (0.08–0.31)*

Total lifetime number of sex partners

 1

3067 (45.5)

282

9.2

1.00

1.00

 2

2121 (31.4)

244

11.5

1.28 (1.07–1.54)*

1.04 (0.80–1.34)

 3

955 (14.2)

122

12.8

1.45 (1.15–1.81)*

1.40 (1.01–1.94)*

  > 3

603 (8.9)

85

14.1

1.62 (1.25–2.10)*

1.53 (1.01–2.32)*

Distance to health facilities (kilometer)

 1

2400 (37.0)

233

9.7

1.00

1.00

 2

1148 (17.7)

121

10.5

1.10 (0.87–1.38)

1.31 (0.97–1.77)

 3

763 (11.7)

82

10.8

1.12 (0.86–1.46)

1.24 (0.87–1.77)

  > 3

2184 (33.6)

169

7.7

0.78 (0.63–0.96)*

1.11 (0.84–1.48)

  1. NB: Women’s enlightenment was retained in the adjusted logistic model in place of listening to radio, watching television and maternal education, while neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantaged status was retained in the adjusted logistic model in place of household wealth index, place of residence and maternal education due to collinearity;
  2. *significant at p < 0.05