Usefulness of waist-to-height ratio in screening incident hypertension among Japanese community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly individuals

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of subjects according to hypertension status in the cross-sectional study

		Normotension	Hypertension	P-value*
Baseline Characteristics	N = 1727	N = 608	N = 1119	P-value*
Gender (male, %)		258 (42.4)	510 (45.6)	0.224
Age (years)		66 ± 9	72 ± 8	< 0.001
BMI (kg/m²)		21.8 ± 2.8	23.4 ± 3.2	< 0.001
Waist circumference (cm)		78.9 ± 8.0	82.7 ± 8.9	< 0.001
WHtR		0.51 ± 0.05	0.54 ± 0.06	< 0.001
WHpR		0.88 ± 0.06	0.91 ± 0.06	< 0.001
Smoking habit (never/past/light/heavy (%))		71.2/15.5/5.3/8.1	72.4/20.5/1.7/5.5	< 0.001
Drinking status (never/occasional/light/heavy (%))		50.5/25.2/8.7/15.6	50.3/20.6/10.3/18.9	0.069
Exercise habits (%)		36.0	38.0	0.435
Cardiovascular disease (%)		4.6	8.0	0.009
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)		122 ± 12	144 ± 15	< 0.001
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)		72 ± 8	81 ± 10	< 0.001
Antihypertensive medication (%)		0	68.7	< 0.001
Triglycerides (mg/dl)		83 (61–114)	91 (69–129)	< 0.001
HDL cholesterol (mg/dl)		68 ± 18	64 ± 16	< 0.001
LDL cholesterol (mg/dl)		122 ± 29	119 ± 30	0.047
Antidyslipidemic medication (%)		14.3	26.5	< 0.001
Hemoglobin A1c (%)		5.6 (5.4–5.8)	5.7 (5.5–6.0)	< 0.001
Antidiabetic medication (%)		5.6	10.5	< 0.001
Serum uric acid (mg/dL)		5.1 ± 1.3	5.4 ± 1.4	< 0.001
Estimated GFR (ml/min/1.73 m²/year)		74.9 ± 9.8	69.6 ± 12.2	< 0.001

BMI body mass index; WHtR waist/height ratio; WHpR waist/hip ratio; HDL high-density lipoprotein; LDL low-density lipoprotein; GFR glomerular filtration ratio. Data presented are mean ± standard deviation. Data for triglycerides and hemoglobin A1c is skewed, and presented as median (interquartile range) values. * P-value: Student’s t-test for the continuous variables or the χ² test for the categorical variables. Bold values indicate significance (p < 0.05)

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