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Table 3 Characteristics of study participants by stage 1 hypertension subtype according to the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline based on 2007–2017 KNHANES (n = 11,336)

From: Differences in prevalence of hypertension subtypes according to the 2018 Korean Society of Hypertension and 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines: The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007–2017 (KNHANES IV-VII)

 

Stage 1 hypertension by the 2017 ACC/AHA Guideline

Stage 1 IDH;

SBP <130 mmHg and DBP ≥80 mmHg

Stage 1 ISH;

SBP ≥130 mmHg and DBP <80 mmHg

Stage 1 SDH;

SBP ≥130 mmHg and DBP ≥80 mmHg

p-value

(n = 8067)

(n = 1289)

(n = 1980)

% Study population

76.2 (75.2–77.2)

8.2 (7.6–8.8)

15.6 (14.8–16.4)

 

Male sex

67.5 (66.3–68.6)

44.1 (40.7–47.4)

58.6 (56.0–61.2)

<0.0001

Age group, yrs

   

<0.0001

 20–29

17.4 (16.3–18.6)

6.9 (4.6–9.2)

11.1 (9.0–13.2)

 

 30–39

25.3 (24.0–26.5)

3.6 (2.2–5.1)

12.6 (10.6–14.5)

 

 40–49

29.1 (27.9–30.3)

7.1 (5.0–9.1)

20.6 (18.3–22.8)

 

 50–59

20.9 (19.8–21.9)

19.4 (16.5–22.3)

31.1 (28.6–33.5)

 

 60–69

5.9 (5.4–6.3)

27.3 (24.5–30.0)

17.2 (15.4–19.0)

 

 70–79

1.3 (1.1–1.6)

28.4 (25.5–31.2)

6.6 (5.5–7.6)

 

 80+

0.2 (0.1–0.2)

7.3 (5.7–8.9)

0.9 (0.5–1.3)

 

Smoking status

<0.0001

 Non-smoker

42.9 (41.6–44.2)

59.0 (55.5–62.5)

50.7 (48.0–53.4)

 

 Previous smoker

17.9 (16.8–18.9)

17.4 (14.9–20.0)

18.4 (16.2–20.5)

 

 Current smoker

39.3 (37.9–40.6)

23.6 (20.5–26.6)

30.9 (28.5–33.4)

 

Alcohol intake

<0.0001

 Non-drinker

6.2 (5.6–6.8)

21.3 (18.7–23.8)

11.4 (9.8–12.9)

 

 Former drinker

25.2 (24.0–26.3)

35.1 (31.8–38.4)

27.1 (24.8–29.4)

 

 Current drinker

68.6 (67.4–69.8)

43.6 (40.2–47.0)

61.6 (58.9–64.2)

 

Regular exercise

<0.0001

 Yes

30.4 (29.0–31.8)

25.8 (22.3–29.3)

30.4 (27.8–33.0)

 

 No

69.6 (68.2–71.0)

74.2 (70.7–77.7)

69.6 (67.0–72.2)

 

BMI, kg/m2

24.4 (24.3–24.5)

23.8 (23.5–24.0)

24.8 (24.6–25.0)

<0.0001

Total cholesterol, mg/dL

195.7 (194.7–196.6)

192.4 (190.0–194.8)

199.6 (197.7–201.6)

<0.0001

HDL cholesterol, mg/dL

49.2 (48.9–49.5)

46.8 (48.0–49.5)

49.2 (48.5–49.9)

<0.0001

Triglyceride, mg/dL

158.9 (154.6–163.2)

136.2 (129.1–143.3)

165.3 (158.3–172.4)

<0.0001

Lipid-lowering agent intake

2.2 (1.8–2.5)

7.5 (5.9–9.2)

3.7 (2.8–4.5)

<0.0001

Fasting glucose, mg/dL

98.0 (97.4–98.6)

104.7 (102.9–106.5)

101.3 (100.1–102.5)

<0.0001

GFR, ml/min/1.73 m2

97.6 (97.2–98.1)

87.9 (86.7–89.0)

94.2 (93.4–95.0)

<0.0001

Diabetes mellitus

6.4 (5.7–7.0)

18.2 (15.5–20.8)

9.2 (7.7–10.7)

<0.0001

Chronic Kidney Disease

0.5 (0.4–0.6)

5.1 (3.7–6.4)

1.3 (0.8–1.8)

<0.0001

Mean 10-yr predicted CVD risk*

 High risk,*%, PCE

2.1 (1.8–2.4)

40.1 (36.7–43.5)

10.6 (9.3–12.0)

<0.0001

 High risk, *%, KRPM

2.7 (2.3–3.0)

24.3 (21.6–27.0)

9.5 (8.1–10.9)

<0.0001

History of CVD

3.1 (2.6–3.6)

11.2 (9.0–13.4)

5.4 (4.1–6.7)

<0.0001

  1. Values are presented as % or mean (95% confidence interval)
  2. P-values are derived from analysis of variance (ANOVA) for multiple comparison across the three subtype groups
  3. Abbreviations: ACC/AHA American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association, BMI Body mass index, CI Confidence interval, CKD Chronic kidney disease, CVD Cardiovascular disease, GFR Glomerular filtration rate, HDL High-density lipoprotein, IDH Isolated diastolic hypertension, ISH Isolated systolic hypertension, KRPM Korean Risk Prediction Model, KSH Korean Society of Hypertension, PCE Pooled Cohort Equation, SDH Systolic diastolic hypertension
  4. *10-yr risk was calculated among adults without a history of CVD
  5. *High risk defined as a 10-year predicted cardiovascular disease risk ≥10% or history of CVD
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Clinical Hypertension

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