Table 1 Characteristics of study participants by 2017 ACC/AHA and 2018 KSH guidelines and antihypertensive medication use
Normal BP; | Elevated BP; | 2018 KSH Guideline | 2017 ACC/AHA Guideline | Treated HTN | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prehypertension; | Stage 1 HTN; | Stage 2 HTN; | Stage 1 HTN; | Stage 2 HTN; | ||||
SBP <120 mmHg | SBP 120–129 mmHg | SBP 130–139 mmHg | SBP 140–159 mmHg | SBP ≥160 mmHg | SBP 130–139 mmHg | SBP ≥140 mmHg | ||
& | & | or | or | or | or | or | ||
DBP <80 mmHg | DBP < 80 mmHg | DBP 80–89 mmHg | DBP 90–99 mmHg | DBP ≥100 mmHg | DBP 80–89 mmHg | DBP ≥90 mmHg | ||
(n = 26,648) | (n = 3406) | (n = 11,336) | (n = 5288) | (n = 1392) | (n = 11,336) | (n = 6680) | (n = 11,697) | |
% Study population | 48.5 (47.9–49.2) | 5.3 (5.0–5.5) | 20.4 (19.9–20.8) | 8.8 (8.5–9.1) | 2.3 (2.2–2.5) | 20.4 (19.9–20.8) | 11.1 (10.8–11.5) | 14.7 (14.3–15.1) |
Male sex | 40.1 (39.5–40.8) | 54.7 (52.8–56.7) | 64.2 (63.2–65.2) | 66.9 (65.5–68.3) | 70.5 (67.8–73.2) | 64.2 (63.2–65.2) | 67.7 (66.4–68.9) | 47.6 (46.5–48.7) |
Age, yrs | 39.7 (39.5–39.9) | 49.4 (48.6–50.3) | 45.0 (44.6–45.3) | 49.6 (49.1–50.1) | 50.0 (49.2–50.8) | 45.0 (44.6–45.3) | 49.7 (49.3–50.1) | 62.7 (62.5–63.0) |
Smoking status | ||||||||
Non-smoker | 61.0 (30.2–61.6) | 54.5 (52.3–56.6) | 45.4 (44.3–46.5) | 42.5 (40.9–44.1) | 37.0 (34.1–39.9) | 45.4 (44.3–46.5) | 41.3 (39.9–42.7) | 55.9 (54.8–57.0) |
Previous smoker | 12.1 (11.6–12.6) | 16.3 (14.7–17.9) | 17.9 (17.0–18.8) | 18.1 (16.8–19.4) | 22.0 (19.2–24.9) | 17.9 (17.0–18.8) | 18.9 (17.7–20.1) | 21.6 (20.6–22.5) |
Current smoker | 27.0 (26.3–27.7) | 29.2 (27.2–31.3) | 36.7 (35.6–37.9) | 39.4 (37.8–41.1) | 41.0 (38.0–43.9) | 36.7 (35.6–37.9) | 39.8 (38.3–41.2) | 22.5 (21.5–23.5) |
Alcohol intake | ||||||||
Non-drinker | 7.7 (7.3–8.1) | 12.4 (11.2–16.7) | 8.2 (7.7–8.8) | 9.8 (9.0–10.7) | 8.7 (7.1–10.2) | 8.2 (7.7–8.8) | 9.6 (8.8–10.3) | 19.6 (18.8–20.5) |
Former drinker | 34.0 (33.3–34.7) | 32.2 (30.2–34.1) | 26.3 (25.3–27.3) | 22.5 (21.2–23.9) | 19.6 (17.3–22.0) | 26.3 (25.3–27.3) | 21.9 (20.7–23.1) | 32.5 (31.5–33.5) |
Current drinker | 58.3 (57.5–59.0) | 55.4 (53.3–57.5) | 65.5 (64.4–66.6) | 67.7 (66.2–69.2) | 71.7 (69.0–74.4) | 65.5 (64.4–66.6) | 68.5 (67.2–69.9) | 47.9 (46.7–49.0) |
Regular exercise | ||||||||
Yes | 28.6 (28.0–29.5) | 29.9 (27.7–32.2) | 30.0 (28.8–31.2) | 28.8 (27.1–30.5) | 26.9 (23.9–29.8) | 30.0 (28.8–31.2) | 28.4 (26.9–29.9) | 24.4 (23.2–25.5) |
No | 71.4 (70.5–72.2) | 70.1 (67.8–72.3) | 70.0 (68.8–71.2) | 71.2 (69.5–72.9) | 73.1 (70.2–76.1) | 70.0 (68.8–71.2) | 71.6 (70.1–73.1) | 75.6 (74.5–76.8) |
BMI, kg/m2 | 22.7 (22.7–22.8) | 24.0 (23.9–24.2) | 24.4 (24.3–24.5) | 25.1 (24.9–25.2) | 25.5 (25.3–25.8) | 24.4 (24.3–24.5) | 25.2 (25.0–25.3) | 25.3 (25.2–25.4) |
Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 183.8 (183.3–184.3) | 190.6 (189.1–192.1) | 196.0 (195.2–196.8) | 200.0 (198.7–201.3) | 203.6 (201.4–205.8) | 196.0 (195.2–196.8) | 200.8 (199.6–201.9) | 187.0 (186.1–187.8) |
HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 51.7 (51.6–51.9) | 49.4 (48.9–49.9) | 49.1 (48.9–49.4) | 48.5 (48.1–48.9) | 48.2 (47.5–48.9) | 49.1 (48.9–49.4) | 48.4 (48.1–48.8) | 46.9 (46.6–47.1) |
Triglyceride, mg/dL | 110.9 (109.7–112.2) | 137.8 (133.1–142.5) | 158.0 (154.5–161.5) | 178.0 (172.3–183.6) | 194.4 (184.6–204.3) | 158.0 (154.5–161.5) | 181.4 (176.5–186.4) | 160.2 (157.5–163.0) |
Lipid-lowering agent intake | 1.9 (1.8–2.1) | 5.5 (4.7–6.4) | 2.8 (2.5–3.2) | 2.9 (2.4–3.4) | 1.7 (0.9–2.4) | 2.8 (2.5–3.2) | 2.6 (2.2–3.1) | 24.4 (23.4–25.3) |
Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 93.1 (92.8–93.3) | 100.4 (99.4–101.3) | 99.0 (98.5–99.6) | 102.0 (101.2–102.8) | 104.9 (103.0–106.9) | 99.0 (98.5–99.6) | 102.6 (101.9–103.3) | 109.4 (108.8–110.1) |
GFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 101.8 (101.4–102.1) | 94.6 (93.9–95.4) | 96.3 (95.9–96.7) | 93.2 (92.6–93.7) | 91.8 (90.8–92.8) | 96.3 (95.9–96.7) | 92.9 (92.4–93.4) | 81.9 (81.5–82.3) |
Diabetes mellitus | 4.0 (3.7–4.2) | 11.5 (10.3–12.8) | 7.8 (7.2–8.3) | 10.1 (9.1–11.0) | 10.7 (8.7–12.7) | 7.8 (7.2–8.3) | 10.2 (9.3–11.0) | 71.8 (70.8–72.9) |
Chronic Kidney Disease | 0.7 (0.6–0.8) | 2.5 (1.9–3.0) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 2.4 (2.0–2.9) | 2.9 (1.9–3.8) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 2.5 (2.1–2.9) | 11.1 (10.4–11.8) |
Mean 10-yr predicted ASCVD risk* | ||||||||
High risk,*%, PCE | 2.0 (1.8–2.2) | 16.0 (14.6–17.3) | 6.5 (6.0–7.0) | 14.6 (13.6–15.6) | 19.1 (16.9–21.3) | 6.5 (6.0–7.0) | 15.5 (14.6–16.5) | 88.9 (88.2–89.6) |
High risk, *%, KRPM | 2.3 (2.2–2.5) | 11.8 (10.7–12.9) | 5.5 (5.1–5.9) | 11.3 (10.4–12.2) | 17.2 (15.0–19.4) | 5.5 (5.1–5.9) | 12.5 (11.6–13.4) | 88.9 (88.2–89.6) |
History of CVD | 2.4 (2.2–2.6) | 6.9 (5.9–8.0) | 4.3 (3.8–4.8) | 4.7 (3.9–5.4) | 2.7 (1.9–3.5) | 4.3 (3.8–4.8) | 4.3 (3.7–4.9) | 21.3 (20.2–22.4) |