Table 5 Multiple logistic regression analysis and odds ratios for the factors associated with the resistant group to antihypertensive theraphy using 3 or more antihypertensive medications including diuretics

Age

0.989[0.978 ~ 1.001]

0.992[0.98 ~ 1.004]

0.996[0.983 ~ 1.009]

0.992[0.98 ~ 1.005]

Male sex

0.956[0.71 ~ 1.288]

1.221[0.901 ~ 1.655]

1.171[0.836 ~ 1.639]

1.157[0.84 ~ 1.594]

Metabolic syndrome

0.965[0.743 ~ 1.253]

1.037[0.793 ~ 1.357]

0.963[0.717 ~ 1.294]

1.043[0.786 ~ 1.385]

Smoking

1.202[0.791 ~ 1.827]

1.161[0.75 ~ 1.797]

0.624[0.399 ~ 0.976]

1.008[0.639 ~ 1.59]

Drinking

1.135[0.843 ~ 1.528]

1.242[0.913 ~ 1.688]

1.512[1.072 ~ 2.133]

1.4[1.01 ~ 1.942]

Regular physical exercise

0.826[0.636 ~ 1.073]

0.855[0.654 ~ 1.119]

0.99[0.735 ~ 1.335]

0.869[0.654 ~ 1.153]

Family history of hypertension

1.231[0.947 ~ 1.6]

1.131[0.865 ~ 1.48]

1.121[0.834 ~ 1.507]

1.169[0.88 ~ 1.552]

Diabetes mellitus

0.917[0.685 ~ 1.226]

0.791[0.589 ~ 1.062]

1.172[0.837 ~ 1.64]

0.919[0.673 ~ 1.256]

History of stroke

1.166[0.786 ~ 1.73]

1.042[0.701 ~ 1.549]

1.391[0.874 ~ 2.214]

1.063[0.699 ~ 1.617]

History of coronary artery disease

0.619[0.458 ~ 0.835]

0.632[0.465 ~ 0.859]

0.604[0.431 ~ 0.846]

0.605[0.44 ~ 0.832]

History of heart failure

0.896[0.495 ~ 1.623]

0.559[0.309 ~ 1.009]

0.638[0.345 ~ 1.179]

0.646[0.354 ~ 1.178]

CKD

1.08[0.709 ~ 1.646]

1.025[0.67 ~ 1.569]

1.298[0.79 ~ 2.133]

1.293[0.815 ~ 2.051]

Beta blocker

0.962[0.731 ~ 1.265]

0.838[0.634 ~ 1.107]

1.017[0.746 ~ 1.385]

0.742[0.554 ~ 0.994]

Calcium antagonist

1.527[1.176 ~ 1.982]

1.589[1.218 ~ 2.074]

1.705[1.271 ~ 2.288]

1.411[1.066 ~ 1.868]

ACE inhibitor or ARB

1.42[1.083 ~ 1.863]

1.479[1.122 ~ 1.95]

1.273[0.938 ~ 1.728]

1.376[1.03 ~ 1.837]

Loop diuretics

0.755[0.405 ~ 1.408]

0.54[0.289 ~ 1.011]

0.454[0.24 ~ 0.861]

0.541[0.288 ~ 1.014]

Optimal dosage use

1.283[0.838 ~ 1.965]

1.285[0.836 ~ 1.976]

1.15[0.72 ~ 1.838]

1.086[0.696 ~ 1.696]