Table 4 The comparison according to control status by daytime blood pressure of 135/85 mmHg or greater in response to three or more antihypertensive medications including diuretics
Controlled BP group | Uncontrolled BP group | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
(N = 55) | (N = 122) | ||
Age (yr) | 61.6 ± 11.2 | 61.2 ± 10.4 | 0.84 |
Body mass index (Kg/m2) | 25.7 ± 4.1 | 25.6 ± 3.3 | 0.83 |
Abdominal circumference (cm) | 93.8 ± 10.9 | 91.9 ± 9.3 | 0.28 |
Clinic systolic BP (mmHg) | 135.1 ± 18.2 | 153.8 ± 24.1 | <0.0001 |
Clinic diastolic BP (mmHg) | 80.2 ± 12.3 | 91.5 ± 16.1 | <0.0001 |
Heart rate (beats per minute) | 73.7 ± 14.4 | 75.2 ± 14.8 | 0.58 |
Potassium (mEq/L) | 4 ± 0.4 | 4.1 ± 0.5 | 0.37 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1 ± 0.3 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 0.14 |
Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 171.4 ± 40.7 | 182.9 ± 44.9 | 0.17 |
Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) | 114.2 ± 34 | 109.6 ± 34.6 | 0.53 |
Hemoglobin A1C (%) | 6.6 ± 1.9 | 6.3 ± 1.1 | 0.37 |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 128.3 ± 54.2 | 148.4 ± 81 | 0.19 |
High density lipoprotein (mg/dL) | 46.7 ± 13.1 | 45.8 ± 10 | 0.67 |
Daytime systolic BP (mmHg) | 121.8 ± 7.9 | 149.6 ± 15.2 | <0.0001 |
Daytime diastolic BP (mmHg) | 74.8 ± 5.3 | 90.9 ± 11.7 | <0.0001 |
Daytime heart rate (bpm) | 71.4 ± 9.6 | 73.9 ± 10.2 | 0.14 |
Nighttime systolic BP (mmHg) | 115.5 ± 14 | 138.5 ± 20.5 | <0.0001 |
Nighttime diastolic BP (mmHg) | 71 ± 9.7 | 83.6 ± 15.4 | <0.0001 |
Nighttime heat rate (bpm) | 61.8 ± 10.3 | 64.8 ± 11.3 | 0.11 |
24 h systolic BP (mmHg) | 121 ± 8.9 | 146.9 ± 15.3 | <0.0001 |
24 h diastolic BP (mmHg) | 73.9 ± 5.8 | 89.5 ± 12.7 | <0.0001 |
24 h heart rate (bpm) | 68.6 ± 9.3 | 71.3 ± 10 | 0.11 |
Smoking | 14.6 % | 11.5 % | 0.57 |
Drinking | 29.1 % | 32.8 % | 0.62 |
Regular physical activity | 43.6 % | 36.9 % | 0.39 |
Family history of SCD | 3.6 % | 6.6 % | 0.35 |
Family history of hypertension | 36.4 % | 46.7 % | 0.2 |
Metabolic syndrome | 47.3 % | 44.3 % | 0.71 |
High global CV risk | 89.1 % | 84.3 % | 0.4 |
Cardiovascular disease history | 60.0 % | 45.1 % | 0.07 |
Coronary artery disease | 36.4 % | 26.5 % | 0.18 |
Stroke | 14.8 % | 9.0 % | 0.25 |
Heart failure | 18.5 % | 5.8 % | 0.01 |
Antihypertensive medication | |||
ACE inhibitor | 14.5 % | 22.1 % | 0.24 |
Angiotensin receptor blocker | 69.1 % | 78.7 % | 0.17 |
Beta blocker | 56.4 % | 74.6 % | 0.02 |
Calcium antagonist | 50.9 % | 69.7 % | 0.02 |
Diuretics | 100.0 % | 99.2 % | 0.5 |
Thiazide | 70.9 % | 78.5 % | 0.27 |
Indapamide | 7.3 % | 5.8 % | 0.71 |
Spironolactone | 5.5 % | 6.6 % | 0.77 |
Loop diuretics | 21.8 % | 10.7 % | 0.05 |
Alpha blocker | 1.8 % | 2.5 % | 0.41 |
Vasodilator | 0.0 % | 2.5 % | 0.55 |
Aspirin | 50.1 % | 54.1 % | 0.76 |
Statin | 40.0 % | 40.9 % | 0.9 |