CAC change | p-value | ||
---|---|---|---|
CAC change ≤ 0 | CAC change > 0 | ||
Number | 1,583 | 592 | |
Age (years)a | 41.6(5.6) | 44.8(5.5) | <0.001 |
Male (%) | 93.6 | 99.2 | <0.001 |
BMI(kg/m2) | 24.9(3.0) | 25.8(3.0) | <0.001 |
Obesity (%) | 45.4 | 56.9 | <0.001 |
Current smoker (%) | 33.2 | 35.6 | 0.288 |
Alcohol intake (%)b | 32.3 | 40.7 | <0.001 |
High education level (%)c | 85.5 | 87.0 | 0.404 |
Diabetes (%) | 6.3 | 15.0 | <0.001 |
Hypertension (%) | 20.3 | 33.6 | <0.001 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) a | 118.5(12.2) | 121.3(11.9) | <0.001 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg)a | 75.9(9.4) | 78.1(9.5) | <0.001 |
Glucose (mg/dL)a | 98.6(15.4) | 103.9(21.9) | <0.001 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)a | 206.8(36.4) | 218.6(38.0) | <0.001 |
LDL-C (mg/dL)a | 130.0(32.7) | 141.1(34.2) | <0.001 |
HDL-C (mg/dL)a | 51.7(12.4) | 49.3(11.1) | <0.001 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL)d | 130(89–190) | 153(110.5–215) | <0.001 |
ALT (U/l)d | 25(18–37) | 28(20–40) | <0.001 |
GTP (U/l)d | 34(22–54) | 40(27–65) | <0.001 |
C-reactive protein (mg/L) d | 0.06(0.03–0.11) | 0.07(0.04–0.13) | 0.022 |
Total energy | 1530.9(1055.0–1933.0) | 1483.5(659.4.2–1788.9) | 0.001 |
Carbohydrate % | 74.7(69.0–80.0) | 76.0(68.6–80.3) | 0.497 |
Protein% | 13.8(12.5–15.2) | 13.9(12.6–15.0) | 0.966 |
Fat% | 16.3(12.7–20.3) | 14.9(12.3–20.2) | 0.244 |
Physical activity (MET-min/week) | 887.5 (396–1836) | 1045.5 (438–1977) | 0.800 |
Depression (CES-D score) | 4 (1–9) | 5 (1–9) | 0.283 |