Association among epicardial fat, heart rate recovery and circadian blood pressure variability in patients with hypertension

Table 3 Comparison of echocardiographic parameters according to the diurnal variation

	Control group (n = 71)	Dipper group (n = 147)	Non-dipper group (n = 140)	p-value (ANOVA)
EFT, mm	5.54 ± 2.06	6.57 ± 1.61*	7.47 ± 2.93,*	<0.001
LVEDD, mm	46.0 ± 5.0	46.0 ± 5.2	45.8 ± 5.4	0.946
LVESD, mm	29.1 ± 4.8	29.0 ± 4.7	29.0 ± 4.7	0.979
IVSTd, mm	11.2 ± 2.2	12.4 ± 2.5*	12.5 ± 2.8*	0.004
PWTd, mm	9.7 ± 2.1	10.5 ± 2.0*	10.7 ± 1.9*	<0.001
LVMI, g/m²	103 ± 28.7	112 ± 26.4	114 ± 34.9*	0.044
RWT	0.43 ± 0.11	0.46 ± 0.11	0.47 ± 0.10*	0.046
EF, %	66.7 ± 6.5	66.9 ± 7.1	66.4 ± 7.7	0.839
LA volume, mL	16.8 ± 7.8	16.7 ± 6.4	19.1 ± 7.7,*	0.022
E velocity, cm/sec	0.67 ± 0.16	0.64 ± 0.14	0.67 ± 0.17	0.389
A velocity, cm/sec	0.67 ± 0.17	0.65 ± 0.17	0.72 ± 0.22**	0.023
EEa	9.4 ± 2.4	8.9 ± 2.6*	11.2 ± 4.8,*	<0.001

All values are presented as the mean ± SD. EFT, epicardial fat thickness; LVEDD left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, LVESD left ventricular end-systolic diameter; IVSTd diastolic interventricular septal wall thickness; PWTddiastolic posterior wall thickness, LVMI left ventricular mass index, RWT relative wall thickness, EF ejection fraction, LA left atrial diameter, E peak early diastolic mitral filling velocity, Ea, mitral annular velocity, A peak late diastolic mitral filling velocity, *p < 0.05 vs. normotensive control group, **p < 0.05 vs. dipper group

ISSN: 2056-5909