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Table 2 Comparison of parameters of 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring according to the diurnal variation

From: Association among epicardial fat, heart rate recovery and circadian blood pressure variability in patients with hypertension

 

Control group (n = 71)

Dipper group (n = 147)

Non-dipper group (n = 140)

p-value (ANOVA)

24-hour HR, bpm

70.0 ± 8.1

75.5 ± 10.8*

74.6 ± 11.9*

0.002

24-hour HR SD, bpm

15.4 ± 6.6

16.0 ± 6.0

14.2 ± 6.9

0.064

Daytime HR, bpm

73.4 ± 8.6

79.7 ± 11.6*

76.9 ± 11.9

<0.001

Nighttime HR, bpm

60.9 ± 7.7

65.2 ± 7.9*

65.9 ± 13.4*

<0.001

24-hour mean SBP, mmHg

119.2 ± 7.7

141.1 ± 11.3*

142.2 ± 14.6*

<0.001

24-hour mean DBP, mmHg

74.8 ± 4.8

91.3 ± 9.6*

89.0 ± 9.7*

<0.001

24-hour mean SBP SD, mmHg

13.1 ± 3.5

15.3 ± 4.6*

16.0 ± 3.7*

<0.001

24-hour mean DBP SD, mmHg

10.7 ± 3.2

13.9 ± 3.8*

13.0 ± 4.8*

<0.001

24-hour mean BP, mmHg

89.3 ± 5.2

106.1 ± 10.7*

108.2 ± 9.6*

<0.001

24-hour mean BP variation, mmHg

11.2 ± 3.3

13.4 ± 4.9*

14.0 ± 3.5*

<0.001

Daytime SBP, mmHg

121.1 ± 7.8

146.2 ± 11.7*

143.1 ± 14.4*

<0.001

Daytime DBP, mmHg

76.9 ± 4.8

95.2 ± 9.8*

90.1 ± 9.9*,**

<0.001

Daytime SBP SD, mmHg

12.6 ± 4.1

13.9 ± 4.2

15.2 ± 4.9*,**

<0.001

Daytime DBP SD, mmHg

10.6 ± 3.9

12.5 ± 4.7*

12.8 ± 5.1*

<0.001

Daytime mean BP, mmHg

91.1 ± 5.4

112 ± 9.8*

107 ± 10.8*,**

<0.001

Daytime mean BP SD, mmHg

10.7 ± 4.0

12.2 ± 4.3

12.9 ± 4.8*,**

0.001

Nighttime SBP, mmHg

111 ± 15.5

129 ± 12.1*

139 ± 16.7*,**

<0.001

Nighttime DBP, mmHg

70.1 ± 6.2

80.2 ± 12.0*

85.7 ± 10.7*,**

<0.001

Nighttime SBP SD, mmHg

10.3 ± 3.0

12.2 ± 3.9*

12.8 ± 4.2*

<0.001

Nighttime DBP SD, mmHg

8.5 ± 2.9

10.4 ± 3.7*

10.5 ± 4.5*

<0.001

Nighttime mean BP, mmHg

83.9 ± 6.9

95.8 ± 12.6*

103 ± 11.8*,**

<0.001

Nighttime mean BP SD, mmHg

8.8 ± 2.8

10.6 ± 3.6*

10.7 ± 4.2*,**

<0.001

Day-night difference, mmHg

8.1 ± 7.0

15.1 ± 8.3

3.4 ± 6.1*,**

<0.001

  1. All values are presented as the mean ± SD. BP blood pressure, HR heart rate, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, SD standard deviation, *p < 0.05 vs. normotensive control group, **p < 0.05 vs. dipper group
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Clinical Hypertension

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