|
Variables
|
Total subjects (n = 6,365)
|
Treatment group
*
(n = 1,754)
|
Non-Treatment group (n = 4,723)
|
P value
|
|---|
|
Male sex (%)
|
2,099 (49.2)
|
767 (53.2)
|
1,999 (47.6)
|
0.051
|
|
Mean age (yr)
|
44.9 ± 0.3
|
57.5 ± 0.5
|
40.4 ± 0.3
|
<0.001
|
|
Obesity (%)
|
1,663 (31.7)
|
773 (47.5)
|
864 (21.1)
|
<0.001
|
|
Past history (%)
| | | | |
|
CVD†
|
269 (3.4)
|
181 (8.4)
|
84 (1.6)
|
<0.001
|
|
DM
|
649 (9.7)
|
477 (26.1)
|
136 (3.0)
|
<0.001
|
|
CKD
|
40 (0.6)
|
16 (1.2)
|
24 (0.4)
|
0.006
|
|
SBP (mmHg)
|
117.0 ± 0.3
|
134.4 ± 0.6
|
111.0 ± 0.3
|
<0.001
|
|
DBP (mmHg)
|
75.5 ± 0.2
|
83.5 ± 0.5
|
72.8 ± 0.2
|
<0.001
|
|
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
|
188.2 ± 0.7
|
193.0 ± 1.2
|
186.7 ± 0.9
|
<0.001
|
|
Triglyceride (mg/dL)
|
131.3 ± 2.1
|
170.3 ± 4.9
|
117.0 ± 2.0
|
<0.001
|
|
FPG (mg/dL)
|
97.1 ± 0.4
|
107.8 ± 1.0
|
93.0 ± 0.3
|
<0.001
|
|
Current smoking (%)
|
743 (20.6)
|
227 (18.5)
|
507 (21.2)
|
0.087
|
|
Physical activity‡ (%)
|
791 (17.6)
|
235 (14.1)
|
734 (21.7)
|
0.001
|
|
Sleep duration (hours)
|
6.8 ± 0.29
|
6.7 ± 0.04
|
6.9 ± 0.03
|
<0.001
|
- Values are presented as means ± SD or frequencies (%). P-value for treatment group vs. non-treatment group.
- *Treatment group included participants taking antihypertensive medication.
-
†CVD included myocardial infarction, angina, and stroke.
-
‡Physical activity, moderate exercise at least three times a week.
- CVD, cardiovascular disease; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; DM, diabetes mellitus; CKD, chronic kidney disease.
