Table 1 General characteristics of the study population according to gender
Variable | Male (n = 63) | Female (n = 85) | pvalue |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (year) | 48.3 ± 8.5 | 47.4 ± 8.2 | 0.53 |
30–39 | 10 | 14 | 0.71 |
40–49 | 20 | 32 | |
50–59 | 33 | 39 | |
Casual SBP (mmHg) | 127.9 ± 14.5 | 119.0 ± 16.4 | 0.0008 |
Casual DBP (mmHg) | 77.2 ± 11.8 | 71.3 ± 11.3 | 0.0002 |
Pulse rate (beats per minutes) | 68.2 ± 11.5 | 67.2 ± 10.2 | 0.59 |
Hypertension (%) | 25 (39.6) | 24 (28.2) | 0.143 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 88.2 ± 7.0 | 86.4 ± 7.9 | 0.141 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.6 ± 3.2 | 24.7 ± 3.2 | 0.103 |
Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) | 98.1 ± 16.4 | 89.8 ± 13.9 | 0.0012 |
Diabetes mellitus (%) | 6 (9.5) | 4 (4.7) | 0.24 |
Current smoking (%) | 22 (34.9) | 1 (1.2) | <0.0001 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 183.2 ± 40.0 | 189.3 ± 34.0 | 0.29 |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 158.9 ± 96.7 | 119.4 ± 71.9 | 0.0044 |
High density lipoprotein (mg/dL) | 47.5 ± 10.3 | 56.4 ± 12.9 | <0.0001 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | <0.0001 |
MetS (%) | 17 (26.9) | 19 (22.3) | 0.51 |
MetS score | 1.49 | 1.25 | 0.23 |
0 | 15 | 27 | 0.62 |
1 | 20 | 27 | |
2 | 14 | 15 | |
3 | 10 | 14 | |
4 | 4 | 2 | |
24-h urine sample | |||
Sodium (g/day) | 4.9 ± 2.4 | 3.8 ± 2.4 | 0.0075 |
Potassium (g/day) | 2.6 ± 0.9 | 2.4 ± 1.3 | 0.275 |
Sodium/potassium | 3.3 ± 1.3 | 2.8 ± 1.1 | 0.0051 |
Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring | |||
SBP, daytime (mmHg) | 131.7 ± 10.8 | 130.8 ± 15.1 | 0.681 |
SBP, nighttime (mmHg) | 113.9 ± 15.0 | 107.9 ± 17.0 | 0.0291 |
SBP, 24 h (mmHg) | 124.9 ± 11.4 | 121.2 ± 14.3 | 0.0938 |
DBP, daytime (mmHg) | 83.0 ± 7.5 | 81.6 ± 9.5 | 0.3389 |
DBP, nighttime (mmHg) | 72.7 ± 10.2 | 66.5 ± 10.1 | 0.0004 |
DBP, 24 h (mmHg) | 78.9 ± 7.5 | 75.1 ± 8.5 | 0.0056 |
Nocturnal dipping (%) | 13.6 ± 7.9 | 17.3 ± 9.3 | 0.011 |
Dipper (%) | 46 (73) | 69 (81) | 0.22 |