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Table 3 Univariable and multivariable analysis for factors associated with electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy

From: Factors associated with electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy among patients with hypertension in Thailand

Characteristic

Univariable analysis

Multivariable analysisa

Crude OR (95% CI)

P-value

AOR (95% CI)

P-value

Sex

    

 Female

Reference

–

Reference

–

 Male

1.55 (1.40–1.72)

< 0.001

1.49 (1.31–1.69)

< 0.001

Age (yr)

    

 20–49

Reference

–

Reference

–

 50–59

0.99 (0.79–1.23)

0.911

0.95 (0.73–1.24)

0.696

 60–69

1.28 (1.04–1.58)

0.019

1.31 (1.02–1.68)

0.038

 70–79

1.59 (1.29–1.96)

< 0.001

1.56 (1.20–2.02)

0.001

  ≥ 80

2.08 (1.66–2.61)

< 0.001

2.10 (1.58–2.78)

< 0.001

Health insurance scheme

    

 Universal health coverage

Reference

–

Reference

–

 Civil servant medical benefit

0.90 (0.79–1.01)

0.081

0.73 (0.63–0.84)

< 0.001

 Social security

0.96 (0.73–1.26)

0.767

1.07 (0.77–1.46)

0.697

 Other

0.98 (0.56–1.71)

0.944

1.02 (0.52–2.01)

0.956

Region

    

 Northeast

Reference

–

Reference

–

 North

1.56 (1.33–1.83)

< 0.001

1.58 (1.30–1.91)

< 0.001

 Central

1.67 (1.43–1.96)

< 0.001

1.62 (1.34–1.95)

< 0.001

 South

1.39 (1.16–1.67)

< 0.001

1.39 (1.12–1.72)

0.003

Hospital level

    

 Community hospital

Reference

–

Reference

–

 Provincial hospital

1.44 (1.29–1.62)

< 0.001

1.46 (1.27–1.67)

< 0.001

 Regional hospital

2.11 (1.83–2.45)

< 0.001

2.41 (2.01–2.89)

< 0.001

Type 2 diabetes comorbidity

   

 No

Reference

–

Reference

–

 Yes

0.93 (0.84–1.04)

0.217

0.89 (0.79–1.02)

0.085

Smoking status

    

 Never

Reference

–

Reference

–

 Ex-smoker

1.48 (1.27–1.73)

< 0.001

1.18 (0.98–1.41)

0.086

 Current smoker

1.28 (1.12–1.46)

< 0.001

1.26 (1.09–1.46)

0.002

Hypertension duration (yr)

   

 1–9

Reference

–

Reference

–

 10–19

1.28 (1.11–1.46)

0.001

1.19 (1.03–1.39)

0.019

  ≥ 20

2.03 (1.34–3.06)

0.001

1.88 (1.22–2.91)

0.005

Body mass index (kg/m2)

    

  < 30

Reference

–

Reference

–

  ≥ 30

0.77 (0.65–0.92)

0.004

0.88 (0.72–1.08)

0.216

Blood pressure (mmHg)

    

 SBP < 140 and DBP < 90

Reference

–

Reference

–

 SBP < 140 and DBP ≥90

1.09 (0.82–1.44)

0.569

1.00 (0.69–1.44)

0.997

 SBP ≥140 and DBP < 90

1.42 (1.26–1.59)

< 0.001

1.36 (1.18–1.56)

< 0.001

 SBP ≥140 and DBP ≥90

1.51 (1.27–1.79)

< 0.001

1.58 (1.30–1.92)

< 0.001

  1. OR odds ratio, AOR adjusted odds ratio, CI confidence interval
  2. aAdjusted for sex, age, health insurance scheme, geographic region, hospital level, type 2 diabetes comorbidity, body mass index, hypertension duration, smoking status, and control blood pressure
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Clinical Hypertension

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