Fig. 1

Clinical use of ABPM and HBPM. This figure shows the standard protocols and clinical indications for ABPM (left) and HBPM (right). The correct posture for ABPM is illustrated on the right. A small digital blood pressure monitor was attached to a belt around the patient’s waist and connected to a cuff around the upper arm. The cuff is wrapped around the non-dominant upper arm (usually left) at the heart level. It is to remain still with the arm relaxed during each measurement. The standard posture of HBPM is illustrated on the left: sitting in a chair with the back straight and supported, legs uncrossed, feet kept on the floor, bare arm rested on the table, cuff to fit arm circumference, and cuff placed mid-arm at heart level. The indications for ABPM and HBPM are listed in the center. The degree of recommendation is indicated by the degree of the plus mark: +++, strong recommendation; ++, moderate recommendation; +, weak recommendation; -, no recommendation, owing to the limited role of HBPM. ABPM, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; HBPM, home blood pressure monitoring; WCH, white coat hypertension; WUCH, white coat uncontrolled hypertension; MH, masked hypertension; MUCH, masked uncontrolled hypertension; BP, blood pressure; RH, resistant hypertension; 24 h, 24 h; min, minutes