Exercise-induced desaturation during a six-minute walk test is associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension

Table 2 Univariate analysis for prediction of adverse clinical events

Variable	Hazard ratio	95% confidence interval	P value
Age (per 1 year)	1.013	0.965 – 1.062	0.604
Male sex	1.547	0.420 – 5.696	0.512
BMI (per 1 kg/m²)	1.250	0.966 – 1.618	0.090
WHO functional class 4	0.653	0.084 – 5.102	0.685
High-risk profile	4.745	1.362 – 16.524	0.014
Hypertension	1.869	0.606 – 5.767	0.276
Diabetes mellitus	0.495	0.064 – 3.843	0.502
LVEF (per 1%)	1.001	0.872 – 1.148	0.994
RVSP (per 1 mmHg)	1.012	0.994 – 1.031	0.179
TAPSE (per 1 mm)	0.943	0.819 – 1.085	0.410
Tricuspid annular S’ velocity (per 1 cm/s)	0.877	0.683 – 1.126	0.303
RA area (per 1 cm²)	1.030	0.992 – 1.069	0.120
Mean PA pressure (per 1 mmHg)	1.020	0.984 – 1.057	0.276
PCWP (per 1 mmHg)	1.025	0.904 – 1.163	0.696
PVR (per 1 WU)	1.013	0.931 – 1.103	0.761
CI (per 1 l/min/m²)	1.000	0.999 – 1.001	0.790
FVC (per 1 L)	0.641	0.236 – 1.745	0.384
FEV1 (per 1 L)	0.410	0.120 – 1.396	0.154
DLCO (per 1 mL/min/mmHg)	0.948	0.850 – 1.058	0.340
Total distance (per 1 m)	0.992	0.986 – 0.998	0.009
VO₂ peak (per 1 mL/(kg⋅min))	0.861	0.712 – 1.042	0.125
HR peak (per 1/min)	0.991	0.968 – 1.015	0.465
VE/VO₂ slope (per 1 mL/min/W)	1.039	0.992 – 1.090	0.108
EID	6.099	1.783 – 20.869	0.004

BMI body mass index, CI cardiac index, DLCO diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide, EID exercise induced desaturation, FEV1 forced expiratory volume at 1 s, FVC forced vital capacity, HR heart rate, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, PA pulmonary artery, PCWP pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, PVR pulmonary vascular resistance, RA right atrium, RVSP right ventricular systolic pressure, TAPSE tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, VE ventilatory equivalent of O₂, VO₂ maximal oxygen consumption, WHO World Health Organization

ISSN: 2056-5909