Table 2 Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of ARV-naïve PLWH with or without hypertension with univariable and multivariable logistic regression
From: Prevalence of hypertension among antiretroviral therapy naïve patients in Lagos, Nigeria
Characteristics | Hypertension present (N, 1750), n (%) | Hypertension absent (N, 8676), n (%) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Adjusted Odds ratio (95% CI) (Enter method) | p-value | Adjusted Odds ratio (95% CI) (Backward elimination) | p- value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
aMean Age in years (± SD) | 41.54 (± 10.08) | 35.38 (± 8.83) | 1.07 (1.06 – 1.07) | < 0.001 | ||||
Age groups in years, n (%) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
18—24 | 45 (2.6) | 607 (7.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
25—49 | 1321 (75.5) | 7435 (85.7) | 2.40 (1.76 – 3.26) | 1.51 (0.91 – 2.49) | 1.49 (0.91 – 2.43) | |||
≥ 50 | 384 (21.9) | 634 (7.3) | 8.17 (5.88 – 11.34) | 3.85 (2.22 – 6.68) | 3.81 (2.22 – 6.53) | |||
Gender, n (%) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
Female | 983 (56.2) | 5903 (68.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Male | 767 (43.8) | 2772 (32.0) | 1.66 (1.50 – 1.84) | 1.71 (1.43 – 2.05) | 1.77 (1.49 – 2.09) | |||
Marital Status, n (%) | < 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | |||||
Single | 347 (19.8) | 2639 (30.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Married | 1056 (60.3) | 4823 (55.6) | 1.67 (1.46 – 1.90) | 1.29 (1.05 – 1.59) | 1.28 (1.04 – 1.57) | |||
Separated | 126 (7.2) | 507 (5.8) | 1.89 (1.51 – 2.37) | 1.35 (0.93 – 1.97) | 1.35 (0.93 – 2.60) | |||
Widowed | 221 (12.6) | 707 (8.1) | 2.38 (1.97 – 2.87) | 1.92 (1.40 – 2.65) | 1.90 (1.39 – 2.60) | |||
Educational Status, n (%) | 0.003 | 0.524 | ||||||
None | 87 (5.0) | 420 (4.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Primary | 350 (20.2) | 1591 (18.5) | 1.06 (0.82 – 1.38) | 1.19 (0.77 – 1.84) | ||||
Secondary | 683 (39.5) | 3802 (44.3) | 0.87 (0.68 – 1.11) | 1.02 (0.67 – 1.55) | ||||
Tertiary | 611 (35.3) | 2769 (32.3) | 1.06 (0.83 – 1.36) | 1.03 (0.67—1.57) | ||||
Occupation, n (%) | < 0.001 | 0.910 | ||||||
Unemployed | 144 (8.2) | 1062 (12.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Employed | 1569 (89.8) | 7524 (87.1) | 1.54 (1.28 – 1.85) | 0.94 (0.71 – 1.26) | ||||
Retired | 35 (2.0) | 52 (0.6) | 4.96 (3.13 – 7.88) | 1.01 (0.48 – 2.13) | ||||
Alcohol intake, n (%) | < 0.001 | 0.396 | ||||||
Never | 1140 (72.6) | 6199 (78.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Light and Moderate | 393 (25.0) | 1585 (20.0) | 1.35 (1.19 – 1.53) | 1.13 (0.93 – 1.37) | ||||
Heavy | 38 (2.4) | 134 (1.7) | 1.54 (1.07 – 2.22) | 1.24 (0.72 – 2.11) | ||||
Co-morbidity, n (%) | ||||||||
Diabetes Mellitus | 39 (2.3) | 41 (0.5) | 4.81 (3.09 – 7.48) | < 0.001 | 2.63 (1.38 – 5.03) | 0.003 | 2.59 (1.37 – 4.93) | 0.004 |
Renal disease | 19 (1.1) | 16 (0.2) | 5.96 (3.06 – 11.62) | < 0.001 | 4.20 (1.04 – 16.93) | 0.044 | 4.20 (1.04 – 16.89) | 0.043 |
Tuberculosis | 68 (3.9) | 513 (5.9) | 0.64 (0.50 – 0.83) | 0.001 | 0.60 (0.39 – 0.93) | 0.023 | 0.59 (0.38 – 0.90) | 0.015 |
BMI categories (kg/m2), n (%) | ||||||||
aMedian (25th – 75th percentile) | 25.26 (22.43 – 28.97) | 22.72 (19.98 – 26.12) | < 0.001 | |||||
Underweight/Normal | 700 (47.7) | 5035 (68.2) | 1.00 | < 0.001 | 1.00 | < 0.001 | 1.00 | < 0.001 |
Overweight/Obese | 769 (52.3) | 2353 (31.8) | 2.37 (2.12 – 2.65) | 2.15 (1.81 – 2.54) | 2.18 (1.85 – 2.57) | |||
WHO Stage, n (%) | < 0.001 | 0.629 | ||||||
1 – 2 | 715 (61.0) | 3103 (55.2) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
3 – 4 | 458 (39.0) | 2522 (44.8) | 0.79 (0.69 – 0.90) | 0.96 (0.80—1.14) | ||||
Viral Load (copies/ml), n (%) | < 0.001 | 0.25 | ||||||
≥ 1001 | 938 (65.5) | 5095 (72.2) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
≤ 1000 | 495 (34.5) | 1963 (27.8) | 1.37 (1.21 – 1.55) | 1.11 (0.93 – 1.31) | ||||
CD4 count (cells/μL), n (%) | < 0.001 | 0.025 | 0.012 | |||||
≤ 200 | 618 (36.3) | 3865 (46.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
≥ 201 | 1083 (63.7) | 4439 (53.5) | 1.53 (1.37 – 1.70) | 1.21 (1.03 – 1.44) | 1.23 (1.05 – 1.45) | |||