Table 1 Summary of diagnosis of hypertension in HD patients

• ABPM is the gold standard for the diagnosing hypertension in HD patients. If ABPM is not available, home BP recordings can be a good alternative for accurate BP measurements.

• An average home BP ≥ 135/85 mmHg or ambulatory BP ≥ 130/80 mmHg is considered high BP in HD patients, and in general, the target of self-measured home BP is less than 130/80 mmHg.

• If neither ABPM nor home BP measurements are available, in-office BP measurements outside of the dialysis unit or median midweek peridialytic BP may be acceptable.

• Increased pulse pressure/arterial stiffness may be another determinant in predicting adverse CV outcomes.

• There may be a time-varying effect between high BP and mortality, suggesting the need for long-term follow-up data to predict mortality.

• Intradialytic BP pattern should also be considered to avoid serious complications of HD.