Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the participants
Baseline characteristics | Overall (n = 515) | Primary endpoint (–) (n = 423) | Primary endpoint ( +) (n = 92) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (yr) | 61.34 ± 12.1 | 60.48 ± 12.4 | 65.34 ± 9.5 | < 0.001 |
Male sex | 283 (55.0) | 231 (54.6) | 52 (56.5) | 0.827 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.78 ± 3.4 | 24.72 ± 3.5 | 25.05 ± 3.2 | 0.395 |
Smoking | 171 (33.6) | 140 (33.4) | 31 (34.4) | 0.948 |
Diabetes complication | 175 (34.0) | 144 (34.0) | 31 (33.7) | 1.000 |
Diabetes duration (yr) | 8.95 ± 8.7 | 8.56 ± 8.5 | 10.69 ± 9.6 | 0.044 |
HBP | 334 (64.9) | 271 (64.1) | 63 (68.5) | 0.495 |
CAD | 209 (85.7) | 149 (83.7) | 60 (90.9) | 0.222 |
Laboratory measurements | ||||
Fasting blood glucose (mg/ dL) | 159.38 ± 68.1 | 158.36 ± 67.1 | 164.00 ± 72.8 | 0.490 |
HbA1c (%) | 7.82 ± 1.9 | 7.84 ± 1.9 | 7.74 ± 1.5 | 0.682 |
C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | 0.82 ± 2.6 | 0.79 ± 2.6 | 0.97 ± 2.6 | 0.654 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | 90.71 ± 29.8 | 92.38 ± 30.4 | 83.11 ± 25.8 | 0.008 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 173.68 ± 43.4 | 174.12 ± 42.6 | 171.67 ± 47.4 | 0.639 |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 150.93 ± 126.6 | 146.49 ± 113.0 | 171.04 ± 174.8 | 0.108 |
LDL (mg/dL) | 100.97 ± 34.8 | 101.58 ± 35.2 | 98.24 ± 32.9 | 0.427 |
HDL (mg/dL) | 40.83 ± 10.9 | 41.76 ± 11.0 | 36.62 ± 9.4 | < 0.001 |
Medication | ||||
Oral hyperglycemic agent | 446 (99.8) | 370 (100.0) | 76 (98.7) | 0.385 |
Insulin | 110 (24.6) | 93 (25.1) | 17 (22.1) | 0.674 |
Lipid lowering agent | 248 (48.2) | 199 (47.0) | 49 (53.3) | 0.334 |
Premedication | 347 (67.4) | 276 (65.2) | 71 (77.2) | 0.037 |
ACEi, ARB | 183 (39.4) | 148 (38.8) | 35 (41.7) | 0.722 |
Beta blocker | 109 (23.4) | 83 (21.8) | 26 (31.0) | 0.098 |
Calcium channel blocker | 129 (27.7) | 103 (27.0) | 26 (31.0) | 0.554 |
Diuretics | 85 (18.3) | 63 (16.5) | 22 (26.2) | 0.055 |
Baseline characteristics | Overall | Primary endpoint (–) | Primary endpoint ( +) | P-value |
CBP (mmHg) | 118.98 ± 20.7 | 117.98 ± 20.6 | 123.60 ± 20.6 | 0.018 |
SBP (mmHg) | 131.05 ± 19.9 | 130.22 ± 19.7 | 134.86 ± 20.3 | 0.042 |
DBP (mmHg) | 73.71 ± 12.2 | 73.75 ± 12.6 | 73.53 ± 9.9 | 0.874 |
Pulse pressure (mmHg) | 57.34 ± 15.5 | 56.47 ± 15.1 | 61.33 ± 16.6 | 0.006 |
Augmentation index | 79.75 ± 13.3 | 79.36 ± 13.2 | 81.50 ± 13.8 | 0.163 |
Heart rate | 75.42 ± 13.3 | 75.50 ± 13.2 | 75.04 ± 13.9 | 0.775 |