Characteristics | Group 1 (n = 178)a) | Group 2 (n = 192)b) | Group 3 (n = 219)c) | Group 4 (n = 119)d) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (yr) | 59.7 ± 14.0 | 66.5 ± 12.0 | 72.0 ± 10.4 | 76.3 ± 8.7 | < 0.001*** |
Female sex | 73 (41.0) | 90 (46.9) | 119 (54.3) | 65 (54.6) | 0.031* |
Neurological deterioration | 19 (10.7) | 20 (10.4) | 28 (12.8) | 25 (21.0) | 0.033* |
Hypertension | 96 (53.9) | 121 (63.0) | 147 (67.1) | 96 (80.7) | < 0.001*** |
Diabetes mellitus | 39 (21.9) | 64 (33.3) | 87 (39.7) | 49 (41.2) | 0.001** |
Current smoking | 53 (29.8) | 50 (26.0) | 62 (28.3) | 28 (23.5) | 0.644 |
Atrial fibrillation | 29 (16.3) | 40 (20.8) | 42 (19.2) | 31 (26.1) | 0.220 |
Previous stroke | 40 (22.5) | 37 (19.3) | 44 (20.1) | 31 (26.1) | 0.497 |
SBP (mmHg) | 144.8 ± 25.8 | 144.5 ± 26.6 | 150.4 ± 28.1 | 149.1 ± 26.9 | 0.074 |
Hematocrit | 41.0 ± 6.3 | 40.8 ± 5.6 | 39.6 ± 5.5 | 40.0 ± 5.5 | 0.068 |
Leukocytes (109/L) | 7.80 ± 2.83 | 8.62 ± 6.46 | 8.41 ± 3.24 | 8.04 ± 3.67 | 0.157 |
Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) | 3.40 ± 1.51 | 3.70 ± 1.45 | 3.71 ± 1.57 | 3.87 ± 1.67 | 0.065 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.99 ± 1.35 | 6.07 ± 1.32 | 6.37 ± 1.43 | 6.31 ± 1.34 | 0.027* |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.81 ± 1.26 | 4.67 ± 1.31 | 4.74 ± 1.25 | 4.67 ± 1.30 | 0.680 |
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.81 ± 0.89 | 2.77 ± 0.95 | 2.79 ± 0.89 | 2.75 ± 0.90 | 0.943 |
hsCRP (mmol/L) | 0.17 ± 0.57 | 0.19 ± 0.57 | 0.22 ± 0.64 | 0.37 ± 1.06 | 0.278 |
Homocysteine (μmol/L) | 14.94 ± 7.53 | 14.61 ± 6.28 | 15.19 ± 6.20 | 16.77 ± 6.89 | 0.051 |
Right MCA PI (n = 474) | 0.75 ± 0.13 (n = 138) | 0.87 ± 0.13 (n = 136) | 1.02 ± 0.16 (n = 137) | 1.23 ± 0.20 (n = 63) | < 0.001*** |
Left MCA PI (n = 456) | 1.26 ± 6.32 (n = 138) | 0.86 ± 0.11 (n = 127) | 1.03 ± 0.16 (n = 133) | 1.21 ± 0.21 (n = 58) | < 0.001*** |
Cerebral microbleeds | 70 (39.3) | 86 (44.8) | 101 (46.1) | 55 (46.2) | 0.520 |
Old lacunes | 104 (58.4) | 121 (63.0) | 162 (74.0) | 90 (75.6) | 0.001** |
CAS | 2 (0–5) | 3 (0–6) | 4 (1–7) | 4 (2–6) | 0.181 |
WMH lesion | 97 (54.5) | 148 (77.1) | 190 (86.8) | 105 (88.2) | < 0.001*** |
NIHSS score at admission | 2 (0–5) | 2 (0–5) | 2 (1–6) | 3 (1–7) | 0.079 |